Indian Geography Notes for UPSC
Both the IAS (UPSC CSE) Prelims Syllabus and the UPSC Mains GS1 syllabus include Indian Geography as one of their key subjects. Indian geography is a challenge for many applicants. However, Indian geography can be a fascinating topic if studied from the correct source. In order to prepare for the IAS / UPSC Civil Service Examination, this article will discuss all aspects of Geography including Indian Geography.
Geography Current Affairs for UPSC & PSC
- Mount Etna’s Volcanic Vortex Rings
- Natural Resources, Definition, Types, Examples & Importance
- Components of Environment, Biotic and Aibotic Components
- Solar Eclipse 2024, Meaning, Types, Date and Time
- Taiwan Earthquake, Magnitude, Causes and Impact
- What is Kallakkadal Coastal Flooding: Cause and Mechanism
- Heat Waves, Meaning, Criteria, Causes, Impact, Mitigation
- Tributaries of Ganga, Right Bank and Left Bank with Map
- List of Neighbouring Countries of India and their Capitals
- Lists of Mountains in India 2024 and Highest Mountain Peaks
Indian Geography Notes
Geography is the study of places and the interactions between people and their environment. Geographers study the surface of the Earth and the various human societies that live over it. Geography is an all-encompassing discipline that seeks an understanding of Earth and its human and natural complexities—not merely where objects are, but also how they have changed and come to be. Geography has been considered as the bridge between natural science and social science disciplines. Geography as a discipline can be classified into three branches:
| Classification | Details |
| Physical Geography | Physical geography is one of the three main branches of geography. Physical geography is the branch of natural science which deals with the processes and patterns in the natural environment such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, and geosphere. |
| Human Geography | This is one of the major branches in geography and it mainly covers studies of the human race. Also known as anthropogeography, this field explores the social aspects of the earth, how it has evolved through the ages, and the dynamics that change our environment. This branch of geography has various domains, but the 4 important ones are- social, political, economic, and historical aspects. |
| Environment Geography | These are the additional branches in geography such as regional geography, cartography, and integrated geography also known as environmental geography. |
Geography Notes for UPSC
Geography is included in the General Studies paper in Prelims as well as GS Paper 1 in the UPSC CS(Main) examination. In the UPSC scheme of the syllabus, Geography establishes the relevance of the existence of humans, the elements that are conducive to life, and the elements that are not conducive to human life. Hence, studying these elements would make you better positioned to safeguard the elements that are necessary for life. The Geography notes have been mentioned below for the convenience of the students.
Universe and Solar System
- Origin of the Universe
- Big Bang Theory
- Milky Way Galaxy
- Solar System
- Evolution of Earth
- Solstices and Equinoxes
- Summer Solstices
- Solar Eclipse
- Planetary Alignment
- Latitude and Longitude
- Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
- Zero Shadow Day
Geomorphology
Endogenic Processes and Their Outcomes
Exogenic Processes, Weathering and Erosion
Climatology
- Climatology
- Composition and Structure of Atmosphere
- Ozone Layer and its Depletion
- Atmospheric Circulation
Pressure and Winds
- Atmospheric Pressure
- Pressure Belt
- Coriolis Effect
- Wind and Its Types
- Local Winds
- Jet Streams
- Polar Vortex
Temperature
Humidity and Precipitation
- Humidity
- Evaporation
- Condensation
- Water Cycle
- Precipitation
- Rainfall
- Clouds and its Types
- Cumulonimbus Clouds
Air Masses, Fronts and Cyclones
Climate and Climatic Regions around the World
- Tropical Climate and Monsoon Climate
- Equatorial Climatic Region
- Tropical Climate
- Savanna Climate/Sudan Climate
- Desert Climates/Climates in deserts
- Mediterranean Climates
- Steppe Climate
- China Type Climate, Gulf Type Climate & Natal Type Climate
- British Type Climate
- Siberian Climate
- Laurentian Climate
- Polar Climate
- Koeppen’s Climate Classification
Hydrosphere
- Hydrosphere
- Oceanography
- Ocean Relief Features
- Mid Oceanic Ridges
- Submarine Canyons
- Ocean Deposits
- Ocean Resources
- Salinity of the Ocean
- Temperature Distribution in the Ocean
- Coral Reefs
- Ocean Tides
Oceans, Seas, Straits and Bays around the World
- Atlantic Ocean
- Pacific Ocean
- Indian Ocean
- South China Sea
- East China Sea
- Caribbean Sea
- Mediterranean Sea
- Arabian Sea
- Sea of Japan
- Sea of Okhotsk
- Sea of Azov
- Caspian Sea
- Adriatic Sea
- Baltic Sea
- Red Sea
- Yellow Sea
- Dead Sea
- Sargasso Sea
- Aegean Sea
- Black Sea
- Bay of Bengal
- Important Straits around the World
Environment Geography
- Components of Environment
- Biomes and its Types
- Tropical Evergreen Forest
- Tropical Deciduous Forest
- Grasslands
- Mangrove Forest
- Coniferous Forest Biome
- Biodiversity
- Air Pollution
- Environment Impact Assessment
Economic Geography
Agriculture
- Primary Sector of India: Agriculture and Allied Sector
- Urban Agriculture
- Shifting cultivation
- Sedentary Farming
- Intensive Farming
- Extensive Farming
- Subsistence Farming
Minerals and Resources
- Natural Resources
- Minerals
- Non-metallic Minerals
- Iron Ores
- Manganese Ore
- Cobalt Ore, Cobalt
- Chromium ore, Chromium
- Nickel Ore, Nickel
- Copper Ore
- Aluminum Ore
- Precious Metals and Gems
- Rare Earth Elements
- Resources and Its Types
- Natural Resources
- Forest Resources
- Natural Gas
Green Energy
- Nuclear Energy
- Solar Energy
- Wind Energy
- Biomass Energy
- Geothermal Energy
- Wave Energy
- Tidal Energy
- Hydroelectricity
Indian Geography
- India-A geographical Unit
- The Frontiers of India
- India’s Political Divisions
- Geological Structure of India
Physiography of India
- Physiography of India
- Mountains of India
- Himalayan Ranges of India
- Important Mountain Passes in India
- Important Lakes of India
- Northern Plain of India
- Deserts of India
- Plateaus of India
- Tibetan Plateau
- Western Ghat
- Islands of India
- Types of Soil in India
Rivers of India
- Drainage System of India
- River of India
- Indus River
- Ganga River
- Yamuna River
- Brahmaputra River
- The Peninsular River system
Flood Disaster and Its Management in India
Indian Climate and Monsoon
- Climate of India
- Seasons of India
- Monsoon of India
- Impact of Jet Stream on Indian Monsoon
- El-Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) & Indian Monsoon
- Indian Ocean Dipole
- Cyclones in India
- Climatic Regions of India
Natural Vegetation of India
- Natural Vegetation of India
- Mangrove Forest of India
- Ramsar Site in India
- Wetlands in India
- Biosphere Reserve in India
Agriculture in India
- Agriculture Sector in India
- Agro-Climatic Region of India
- Major Crops of India
- Cropping Pattern in India
- Types of Farming in India
- Green Revolution and its Significance
- Farm Mechanisation in India
- Urban Agriculture
- Drought in India
Irrigation and Multi-Purpose Project of India
- Irrigation System In India
- Drip Irrigation System India
- Hydropower Plant in India
- Agriculture Revolution India
- Climate Proofing of Agriculture
Industries of India
- Industries in India
- Major Industrial Region of India
- Iron and Steel Industry
- Cotton Textile Industry
- Jute Industry
- Sugar Industry
Transport Sector of India
- Road Transport in India
- National Highway
- State Highway
- Rail Transport in India
- Air Transport in India
- Water Transport
Human Geography of India
- Population Growth in India
- Demographic Transition of India
- Population Policy of India
Geography Preparation UPSC
The most crucial component of the UPSC geography syllabus is the Indian Geography syllabus. Additionally, they merit a score. StudyIQ presents a wide range of subjects in an understandable and clear way. The most important topics are never missed. At StudyIQ, we work together to fulfil your dream. You can review the Indian Geography topic for the UPSC Exam on the StudyIQ website to hone your fundamental understanding of the subject. At StudyIQ, we never fail to see the value of having the appropriate study materials and we never stop updating them.
Geography Importance in UPSC
- Apart from all the significance connected to Indian geography, the biggest benefit for those studying for the UPSC test is that it is a fantastic subject for both the prelims and mains.
- Knowledge Enhancement: Studying Indian geography as you prepare for the exam will not only help you get points but also broaden your understanding of India.
- Knowledgeable Citizen: Acquiring knowledge of Indian geography can help you to be a more knowledgeable Indian citizen.
UPSC Geography Syllabus
For the UPSC Examination, Geography is broken into the following headings:
| UPSC Geography Syllabus Topicwise | |
Basics of India
|
River Systems
|
Physical Features
|
Agriculture
Human Geography
|
Natural Vegetation and Fauna
|
Economic Infrastructure
|
Minerals and Industries
|
Climate
|
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