UPSC Prelims Syllabus 2025, Download Subject Wise Topic PDF

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) conducts the Civil Service Examination every year for prestigious positions in the Government of India, such as Indian Administrative Service (IAS), Indian Police Service (IPS), Indian Forest Service (IFS) and Indian Revenue Service (IRS). Candidates have to clear three stages of the exam – Prelims, Mains, and Interview Round – to be recruited for these positions.

The Preliminary exam consists of two papers:

• General Studies Paper 1 
• General Studies Paper 2 (CSAT).

UPSC Prelims Syllabus 2025

Union Public Service Commission Conducts the UPSC Prelims, which is the first phase of the IAS Selection Process. Candidates preparing for the UPSC Prelims exam should have an idea about the topic that is coming up in the UPSC Prelims. Here, the UPSC Prelims syllabus plays an important role in the preparation. Candidates preparing for the UPSC CSE 2025 can read the syllabus and exam pattern for tips on preparation. In this article, we have discussed UPSC Prelims Syllabus 2025.

UPSC Prelims Exam Pattern 2025

Candidates should thoroughly understand the UPSC Exam pattern 2025 before referring to the IAS Prelims Syllabus 2025. The UPSC Prelims exam has two papers. General Studies (GS) is the first paper for the UPSC prelims, and CSAT is the second. The Civil Services Aptitude Test is sometimes referred to as CSAT.

UPSC Prelims Subject-wise Syllabus 2025

Candidates preparing for the Preliminary should have gone through the UPSC Prelims 2025 Syllabus. In this section, we have discussed the prelims syllabus in detail. Candidates can review the complete General Studies (Paper I) and CSAT (Paper II) Syllabus subject-wise and start preparing for the UPSC Civil Service Exam 2025.

UPSC CSE 2025 General Studies Paper 1 Syllabus

The first paper of the UPSC Prelims Exam is General Studies 1 (GS-1), which includes Geography, History, Art and culture, Indian Polity, Economy, Environment and ecology, General Science, Science and technology, and Current Affairs.

UPSC Geography Syllabus 2025

Oceanography, Climatology, Physiography of India, Soils in India, etc., are important topics for the UPSC Exam 2025. For topic-wise detailed coverage of the IAS Prelims Syllabus for Geography.

1. General Geography

• Universe
• Earth Evolution

2. Geomorphology

• Earth’s Interior
• Geology and Rock System
• Geomorphic Process
• Earthquakes and Volcanism
• Distribution of Continents and Oceans
• Landforms and their evolution
• Landforms across the world

3. Oceanography

• Hydrosphere
• Submarine Relief Features
• Temperature and Salinity
• Waves, Oceans, Currents, Tides
• Marine Resources
• Ocean, Deposits, and Corals

4. Climatology

• Atmosphere
• Inversion of Temperature
• Insolation and Heat Budget
• Air Mass, Fronts, Cyclones and Jet Streams
• Wind and Pressure Belts
• Precipitation
• Climate Zones of the World

5. Bio Geography

• Soil Characteristics
• Vegetation Resources

6. Human and Economic Geography

• Demography and Census
• Human Development
• Economic Activities
• Transport and Communication
• International Trade
• Settlement

7. Indian Geography

• Physiography of India
• Drainage System
• Climate
• Soils in India
• Natural Vegetation
• Population
• Settlements and Urbanization
• Land Resource
• Mineral Resource
• Energy Resource
• Agriculture and Basic Terminology
• Recent developments in agriculture
• Productivity of Crops
• Industry
• Transport
• Recent developments in Industry and Transport

8. World Regional Geography

• Continents, Countries, and Cities
• Location in News

UPSC History Syllabus 2025

Ancient History, Medieval History, and Modern History are the major categorizations of Indian History. Every section is important to understanding the chronology of Indian History thoroughly. As per the past UPSC trends, Modern History has a reputation for topic-wise detailed coverage of the IAS Prelims Syllabus for History.

Ancient History

• Pre-Historic Times
• Indus Valley Civilization
• Rig Vedic Period
• Later Vedic Period
• Jainism
• Buddhism
• Mahajanapadas
• Mauryan Empire
• Post-Mauryan Period
• Gupta Period
• Harshavardhana Period
• Sangam Period (South-Indian Dynasties)

Medieval History

• Famous Early Medieval Indian Dynasties (Pallavas, Pratiharas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas)
• Cholas and South Indian Kingdoms
• Early Muslim Invasions
• Delhi Sultanate
• Afghans, Rajputs & Mughals
• Establishment of the North-Indian Empire
• The Mughal Empire
• Marathas and the Other Indian States
• The decline of the Mughal Empire
• Vijaynagar Empire

Modern History

• Advent of Europeans
• British Expansion
• Administration before 1857
• Economic Policies of the British
• Impact of British Administration
• Revolt of 1857
• Administrative Changes after 1857
• Development of Civil Services
• Development of Education
• Development of Press
• Socio-Religious Reforms
• Peasant Movements
• Revolutionary Nationalism
• Indian National Movement-I (1905-1918)
• Indian National Movement-II (1918-1929)
• Indian National Movement-III (1930-1947)
• Governors-General and Viceroys of India
• Constitutional Development of Indian

UPSC Art and Culture Syllabus

Architecture, Classical dance forms, Folk dance forms, Mural Painting, Miniature Paintings, etc. are essential topics for the UPSC exam. For topic-wise detailed coverage of the IAS Prelims Syllabus For Art and Culture.

• Architecture
• Sculpture
• Paintings (Mural & Miniature)
• Pottery Tradition
• Numismatics
• Performing Arts (Dance, Music, Theater, Martial Arts)
• Religion and Literature
• National and Regional Festivals

UPSC Environment Syllabus

Ecosystems, Biodiversity, Mangroves, Coral Reefs, Climate Change, etc., are important topics for the UPSC exam. For topic-wise detailed coverage of the IAS Prelims Syllabus For Environment and Ecology.

• Origin of Life Forms
• Basic Concepts of Ecology
• Ecosystem Functions
• Population Ecology
• Adaptation of Species and Interactions
• Terrestrial Ecosystem
• Aquatic Ecosystem
• Nutrient Cycling

Biodiversity

• Basics of Biodiversity
• Animal and Plant Diversity
• Threats to Biodiversity
• Biodiversity Conservation
• Estuaries
• Mangroves
• Coral Reefs
• Wetlands
• Resource Degradation and Management
• Environmental Pollution
• Climate Change
• Environmental Governance

UPSC Polity Syllabus

Fundamental Rights, DPSPs, Fundamental Duties, Judiciary, CAG, Attorney General of India, etc., are important topics for the UPSC exam. For topic-wise detailed coverage of the IAS Prelims Syllabus for Indian Polity.

• Evolution of the Constitution
• Salient Features of the Indian Constitution
• Union Territories
• Citizenship
• Fundamental Rights
• Directive Principles of State Policy
• Fundamental Duties
• System of Governance
• Union Executive
• Union Legislature
• State Executive
• State Legislature
• Local Government
• UT and Special Areas
• Judiciary
• Constitutional & Non-Constitutional Bodies
• Political Dynamics (Political Parties, Elections, Pressure Groups)
• Governance
• International Relations

UPSC Economy Syllabus 

Money and banking, Monetary Policy, Fiscal Policy, Inflation, Five-year plans, etc. are essential topics for the UPSC exam. For topic-wise detailed coverage of the IAS Prelims Syllabus for Economy.

Basic Concepts

• Macroeconomic Concepts
• Microeconomic Concepts

Economic Measurements

• National Income & Its Calculation
• Economic Growth and Development
• Inflation

Money & Banking

• Money Function & Classification
• Financial Markets & Its Instruments
• Banking Structure in India

Public Finance in India

• Budgeting
• Fiscal Policy
• Centre-state Distribution
• Tax Structure in India

Planning

• Meaning, Objective & History
• Planning Institutions
• Five-Year Plans in India
• NITI Aayog

Open Economy

• Foreign Trade Concepts
• International Organizations
• Trade Agreements
• Recent Development

Economic Sectors

• Poverty
• Employment and Unemployment
• Government Schemes and Programmes

UPSC General Science Syllabus

Science and technology, Defence, Space, Biology, Basic Physics concepts, Biotechnology, etc., are important topics for the UPSC exam. For topic-wise detailed coverage of the IAS Prelims Syllabus for General Science.

• Science and Technology in India
• Space
• IT and Communication
• Materials, Nano Technology and Robotics
• Defence
• Nuclear Technology
• Intellectual Property Rights and Other Miscellaneous Issues
• Biotechnology

Check out the linked article on the Indian Polity Notes Here!

UPSC CSAT Syllabus 2025

The following main categories comprise the UPSC CSAT Syllabus that has been mentioned in the UPSC’s notification 2025:

• Comprehension
• Interpersonal skills, including communication skills
• Logical reasoning and analytical ability
• Decision-making and problem-solving
• General mental ability
• Basic numerical skills (orders of magnitude, numbers & their relations, etc.) (Class X level)
• Data Interpretation (graphs, charts, tables, data sufficiency, etc.) (Class X level).

UPSC Prelims Syllabus 2025 PDF

Candidates can download the Officials UPSC Syllabus PDF Download 2025 here to enhance their preparation for the UPSC Exam 2025

UPSC Prelims Exam 2025 Important Facts

• For each incorrectly marked answer, one-third of a mark is deducted; however, no marks are deducted for unanswered questions.
• For General Studies (Paper I), candidates earn 2 marks for the correct answer, and 0.66 is deducted for each incorrect answer.
• Candidates will be awarded 2.5 marks for each correct answer on CSAT (Paper-II), and 0.833 marks will be deducted for each incorrect answer. This paper will qualify with a fixed minimum qualifying mark of 33%.
• The preliminary exam marks won’t be counted into the final score (merit list).
• The General Studies exam is organized in the morning shift, and the CSAT (GS Paper 2) in the evening shift on the same day.

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