indian polity

Legislative Assembly, Composition, Qualifications and Members

Context: The opposition in Chhattisgarh has filed a writ petition in the Chhattisgarh High Court challenging the expanded size of the Cabinet of the Legislative Assembly. Legislative Assembly One of the components of the public authority is the Legislative Assembly....

Right to Bail in India, Challenges Associated and Suggestions

Context: Recently, U.S. President Donald Trump signed an executive order targeting cashless bail in the United States, arguing that it leads to a rise in crime. This has revived debates on how bail systems operate differently across countries, including India....

India’s Sports Governance Ecosystem, Policy and Challenges

Context: The National Sports Governance Bill was recently passed by both Houses. It aims to address issues in sports governance and strengthen India’s sports ecosystem. Current Sports Governance System in India Policy Making Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports (MYAS):...

Immigration and Foreigners Bill 2025 and its Key Provisions

Context: Immigration and Foreigners (Exemption) Order, 2025, recently notified by the Union Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). Key Highlights of the Immigration and Foreigners (Exemption) Order, 2025 Exemption from Passport/Visa Requirements Indian Armed Forces personnel → when on duty. Citizens of...

Appointment of High Court Judges and Chief Justice, Procedure and Articles

Context: The SC Collegium recommended a new Chief Justice for 5 High Courts: Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Gauhati, Patna, and Jharkhand. Appointment of High Court Judges Article 217: Every Judge of a High Court shall be appointed by the President by...

Rajya Sabha Members, Composition, Chairman and Special Powers

Context: Four Rajya Sabha seats from Jammu & Kashmir have been vacant since Feb 2021, when the UT was under President’s Rule. The Election Commission (EC) suggested to the Law Ministry that when elections are held, the President could stagger...

Salwa Judum Judgement Case 2011, Background, Court Directions

Context: Former judges and senior lawyers criticised the Union Home Minister for wrongly claiming that Justice B. Sudershan Reddy’s 2011 Salwa Judum verdict prevented the end of Naxalism by 2020. Salwa Judum Case (2011) Background In the 2000s, Chhattisgarh became...

Central Information Commission (CIC), Composition, Power and Function

Context: Delhi High Court quashed CIC’s 2016 order allowing inspection of PM Narendra Modi’s 1978 Delhi University degree records, citing confidentiality of student data. Central Information Commission (CIC) The Right to Information Act of 2005 established the Central Information Commission...

Online Gaming Bill 2025, Background, Key Features and Provisions

Context: The New Online Gaming Act, 2025, was passed to regulate e-sports, social gaming, and real-money games, while banning misleading ads and unauthorised betting. The Indian Parliament has passed the Online Gaming Bill, 2025, also known as the Promotion and...

130th Constitutional Amendment Bill, Key Provisions and Significance

Context: Union Home Minister Amit Shah tabled 3 bills that will allow the removal of the PM, CMs, Union and State Ministers facing serious criminal charges. The expectation of moral integrity within the political class has consistently posed a contradictory...