indian polity

Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA)

Context: The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) has imposed a ₹10 lakh fine on ride-hailing platform Rapido for running misleading advertisements and unfair trade practices, and has directed the company to refund affected customers. Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA) Central...

Judicial Backlog in India, Challenges and Potential Solutions

Context: Between Nov 2024 – May 2025, the Supreme Court reduced pendency by 4.83%, achieving a Case Clearance Ratio (CCR) of 106.6%.  India's judicial system faces a significant challenge due to an enormous backlog of cases. This issue affects all...

National Commission on Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR)

Context: The Supreme Court dismissed a plea by the National Commission for Protection of Child Rights (NCPCR) challenging a 2022 Punjab and Haryana High Court ruling that allowed marriage of girls aged 15 and above under Muslim personal law, despite...

Who decides Nominations to Union Territory Assemblies?

Context: Debate on nominations to Union Territory (UT) Assemblies revived after the Union Home Ministry’s affidavit in the J&K and Ladakh High Court. The affidavit stated that the Lieutenant Governor (LG) of J&K can nominate 5 members to the Assembly...

Appointment of Election Commissioners, Process and Constitutional Provisions

Context: Some from the ruling party have questioned why the Opposition has not formally moved the Supreme Court regarding electoral roll concerns. Opposition reluctance is linked to recent developments in the legal and institutional framework governing the appointment of Election...

List of Chief Ministers of West Bengal from 1947 to 2025: Tenure, Parties, and Key Facts

West Bengal was and has always been one of the most politically vibrant and culturally rich states of India. The state has seen varied political leadership since Independence in 1947, from the monolithic rule of the Indian National Congress (INC)...

List of Chief Ministers of Bihar from 1947 to 2025: Tenure, and Political Parties

Bihar, the most politically important state of India, has been a crucial factor in defining the democratic path of the country. Since independence, Bihar has seen repeated political changes, experiments in coalitions, and some of the most powerful leaders in...

Overseas Citizenship of India (OCI) Card, Eligibility, Rights and Restrictions

The Ministry of Home Affairs has released a gazette notification under Section 7D(da) of the Citizenship Act, 1955, which declares that OCI status can now be cancelled if the cardholder is found guilty of an offence involving at least two...

Section 436A of CrPC, Provisions, Scope and Conditions for Release

Context: Delhi court rejected Christian James Michel’s plea for release under Section 436A of CrPC, ruling he was ineligible due to additional charges carrying higher maximum sentences. Section 436A of CrPC Introduction: Added to the CrPC, 1973, through a 2005...

Sixth Schedule of Indian Constitution: Key Provisions and Benefits

Context: Sonam Wangchuk and other leaders joined a hunger strike in Kargil demanding Ladakh’s statehood and its inclusion in the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution. Provisions of the Sixth Schedule of Indian Constitution Article 244(2): Applies to the administration of...