science and tech

Advanced Air Defence Radars: Types, Components and Functions

Context: The Indian Army has begun procuring a new range of advanced Air Defence radars to strengthen its defence network along the northern and western borders. What is RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) RADAR is an electronic system that uses radio...

Ion Chromatography, Working and Applications

Context: Scientists at the University of Tasmania, Australia, have developed a portable ion chromatograph (Aquamonitrix). What is Chromatography? Chromatography is a separation technique used to separate the components of a mixture based on their movement through a medium. How it...

Broadly Neutralising Antibodies (bNAbs): A Promising Weapon Against HIV

The fight against HIV/AIDS has taken a significant turn with the discovery of broadly neutralising antibodies (bNAbs). Recent research from the Translational Health Science & Technology Institute (THSTI), Faridabad, published in the Journal of Virology, highlights that Indian HIV strains...

Space Debris: Current State, Reasons, Impacts and Risks

Context: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) has become the most crowded “real estate” in space. Rapid growth in satellite launches, particularly for satellite internet, is leading to congestion and rising concerns over space debris. What is Space Debris? Space debris, also...

INS Nistar: First Indigenously Designed and Constructed Diving Support Vessel

Context: INS Nistar reached Singapore to participate in Exercise Pacific Reach 2025 (XPR 25). The Indian Navy received the ‘Nistar’ vessel from Hindustan Shipyard Limited in Visakhapatnam. About INS Nistar ‘Nistar’ is the first indigenously designed and built Diving Support...

New Defence Procurement Guidelines and Defence Procurement Manual 2025

Context: The Defence Acquisition Council has approved guidelines to reduce delays at different stages of capital acquisition. Defence Minister Rajnath Singh has approved the Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025 (which replaced DPM 2009). What is Defence Procurement Manual (DPM) 2025?...

DNA Profiling And Its Value In Establishing Guilt Or Innocence

Context: The recent Supreme Court provided guidelines on DNA samples in criminal cases from Kattavalli @ Devakar v. State of Tamil Nadu. In mid-June, the Madras High Court set aside the conviction of a man accused of rape in a POCSO...

NASA Announced Discovery of Biosignatures on Mars

Context: NASA announced that its Mars rover Perseverance had detected possible “biosignatures” in a rock sample called Cheyava Falls, studied in July 2024. What are Biosignatures? Biosignatures are substances, elements, molecules, or structures that may indicate the presence of past...

Fibre Optic Cables, Uses, Types, Components and Working

Context: Researchers from Tampere University (Finland) and Université Marie et Louis Pasteur (France) show the potential of optical fibre–based computing for next-gen AI hardware. What were the Experiments? Optical fibres in the nonlinear light regime can perform AI tasks like...

Adult Neurogenesis in Humans and Significance of New Finding

Context: A 2025 study in Science by Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, has provided fresh evidence of adult neurogenesis. What is Neurogenesis? Neurogenesis is the process by which new neurons (nerve cells) are formed in the brain. It mainly occurs in the hippocampus...