International Relation

VoTAN: Victims of Terrorism Advocacy Network

The United Nations Office of Counter-Terrorism (UNOCT) launched the Victims of Terrorism Associations Network (VoTAN) officially on April 28, 2025. The initiative is one of the main results of the first UN Global Congress of Victims of Terrorism, held in...

US-Ukraine Mineral Deal and Mineral Resources in Ukraine

Context: The U.S. has proposed access to 50% of Ukraine’s critical minerals in exchange for military and economic assistance. Ukraine and the United States signed a deal that will give the United States preferential access to new Ukrainian minerals deals...

Line of Control (LoC), Background, How LoC was formed?

Context: Pakistan violated the ceasefire along the Line of Control in the Kashmir Valley by resorting to unprovoked firing. The Line of Control (LoC) is perhaps the most sensitive and unstable border in the world, dividing Indian-administered Jammu & Kashmir...

Current Global Crises and Geopolitical Disruptions

Context: The contemporary world is undergoing a phase of unprecedented geopolitical and economic disruption, driven by volatile leadership, shifting power structures, and resurgent regional conflicts. What are the Current Global Crises? United States (U.S.) President Donald Trump's transactional approach to...

Strategic Importance of Crimea to Russia

Context: US President Trump has proposed a peace deal where the US would formally recognise Crimea as part of Russia. This move reverses a long-standing US foreign policy, which has opposed Russia’s 2014 annexation of Crimea from Ukraine. Strategic Importance...

Political Trilemma Concept and Crisis in West

Context: Dani Rodrik, in his paper “How Far Will International Economic Integration Go?” introduced the concept of the political trilemma. What was the Core Proposition? Countries can only simultaneously achieve two of the following three goals: International economic integration (globalisation)...

Global Pandemic Treaty, Objectives and Key Issues

Context: After over three years of negotiations, WHO member states have agreed on a draft of a legally binding treaty aimed at improving global preparedness and response to future pandemics. What is a Global Pandemic Treaty? An international Global Pandemic...

Shimla Agreement 1972 to 2025: From Peace Treaty to Breakdown

The Shimla Agreement of 1972 is one of the landmark peace accords in the history of India-Pakistan relations. Signed between India and Pakistan after the 1971 India-Pakistan War, it sought to bring lasting peace and stability to the South Asian...

China’s Salami Slicing Tactics

Context: China is using the Salami Slicing trick in the Yellow Sea to capture new territory. About Salami Slicing Salami Slicing is a geopolitical tactic involving the gradual, incremental encroachment of disputed territory or maritime zones without provoking full-scale conflict. The...

United States Federal Reserve (US Fed)

Context: US President Donald Trump has expressed a desire to remove current Chair Jerome Powell over policy disagreements. About United States Federal Reserve (US Fed) The United States Federal Reserve is the most powerful economic institution in the United States....