International Relation

Iran Nuclear Crisis and India’s Role for Diplomatic Mediation

Context: The strikes on Iran’s Fordow nuclear facility by the United States in June 2025, followed by the E3’s activation of the snapback clause of the 2015 JCPOA, have reignited tensions around Iran’s nuclear programme. Global Stakes: An IR Perspective...

H1B Visa Program, Beneficiaries, Eligibility and Limits

US President Donald Trump has once again shaken up the immigration landscape with a historic decision that could change the future of foreign workers in America. On September 20, 2025, Trump signed a proclamation imposing a $100,000 (over ₹88 lakh)...

Comparison Between India & France’s Democratic Setup

Context: Recently, French Prime Minister François Bayrou resigned after losing a vote of confidence, plunging the country into a fresh political crisis. Comparison between India & France's Democratic Setup Feature India France Head of State (President) ●        Appointment: Indirectly elected...

India–EAEU Relations: Opportunities and Challenges of the Eurasian Gamble

Context: India and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) — led by Russia — have finalised a framework to launch negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Current Status of India–EAEU Trade Bilateral Trade (India–Russia) 2024–25: $68.7 billion (5.5 times higher...

UK-India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB)

News? The UK-India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB) Year-1 Report (2025) was released. UK-India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB) UK-India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB) is a bilateral initiative between India (NITI Aayog) and the UK (City of London Corporation). Launched: During the...

Israel-Hezbollah Conflict: UNSC Approved Withdrawal of UN Peacekeepers from Lebanon

Context: The UN Security Council has approved the phased withdrawal of UN peacekeepers from Lebanon by 2027, reigniting debate over the challenge of disarming Hezbollah despite its current weaknesses. The ceasefire between Israel and Lebanon marks a significant step toward...

SCO Summit 2025: Key Highlights, Tianjin Declaration, and Global Significance

The recently concluded 25th SCO Summit in Tianjin adopted key reforms, condemned terrorism and expanded partnerships. The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Summit 2025 was held in Tianjin, China, bringing together world leaders to discuss pressing issues such as terrorism, security,...

China’s Global Security Initiative, Core Principles and Implementation

Context: Nepal PM expressed support for China’s Global Security Initiative while attending the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit in Tianjin. What is Global Security Initiative/Alliance? Launch: Proposed by Chinese President Xi Jinping in April 2022 at the Boao Forum for Asia....

India-Japan Relations, Background, Drivers of Cooperation and Challenges

Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently travelled to Japan for the 15th India-Japan Annual Summit, his first with PM Shigeru Ishiba. Key Takeaways from PM Modi’s 2025 Visit to Japan Investment Pledge: Japan to invest JPY 10 trillion (~USD 68...

India and Fiji Relations and their Strategic Importance

Context: India and Fiji agreed to deepen defence ties and cooperation during Fijian PM Sitiveni Rabuka’s official visit, supporting a free and open Indo-Pacific. About Fiji Location: An island country in the South Pacific Ocean, part of Melanesia. Capital: Suva,...