GS Paper 1

Summer Solstice, Definition, Reason and Significance

The Summer Solstice 2025, observed on Saturday, June 21, marks the longest day and shortest night of the year in the Northern Hemisphere. It is the moment when the Sun reaches its highest point in the sky at local noon,...

Bihar Caste Census Report 2023, Caste Wise Population, Survey PDF

The Bihar Cabinet has approved a proposal to increase the reservation quota for Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs), Other Backwards Classes (OBCs), Extremely Backwards Classes (EBCs), and Economically Weaker Sections (EWS) from the current 50% to 75%. Read this...

Bahmani Kingdom (1347-1527 AD), History, Rulers and Administration

Bahmani Kingdom The Bahmani Kingdom (1347–1527 CE) was one of the first independent Muslim kingdoms in the Deccan Region (South India), founded by Ala-ud-Din Bahman Shah (Hasan Gangu) after revolting against the Delhi Sultanate. It became a powerful medieval state,...

Indus River System, Tributaries, and Sindhu River Origin

The Indus River System is one of the most significant and ancient river systems in the Indian subcontinent. Known as the Sindhu River in Sanskrit, it holds immense historical, cultural, and geographical importance. Flowing through Tibet, India, and Pakistan, the...

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, Date, History, Causes, Effects

The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, which took place on April 13, 1919, is etched in the collective memory of India as one of the most brutal incidents during British colonial rule. The massacre not only left hundreds dead but also galvanized...

Important Lakes of India, State wise and Largest Lakes in India

A lake is a large body of water, which can be either fresh or salty, completely surrounded by land. Lakes can be formed naturally through geological processes or created by humans. India has many different lakes, like the big and...

Buddhism History, Origin, Sect, Councils, Teachings of Buddha

Context: The Prime Minister of Thailand has gifted a copy of Tipitak in Pali language to the Indian Prime Minister during his recent visit. Buddhism Buddha or Buddhism, the four noble truths, the eight-fold path to enlightenment, and the middle path...

Andaman and Nicobar Islands, History, Climate, Map, Important Facts

Andaman and Nicobar Islands The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a union territory of India with 836 islands from which approximately 30 are inhabitated. The Andaman Islands are one of the two main groups of islands in the union territory...

Solar Eclipse 2025, Meaning, Types, Date and Time

Solar Eclipse 2025: The first solar eclipse of 2025 is set to occur on March 29, 2025. This will be a partial solar eclipse, where the Moon will cover a part of the Sun, creating a stunning celestial event. However,...

Heat Waves, Causes and India’s Heat Action Plans (HAPs)

Context: A new study has found that most Indian cities' Heat Action Plans (HAPs) lack long-term strategies to tackle extreme heat, and even when strategies exist, they are not effectively implemented. About Heat Waves Heat Waves is a period when...