geography

Heat Waves, Causes and India’s Heat Action Plans (HAPs)

Context: A new study has found that most Indian cities' Heat Action Plans (HAPs) lack long-term strategies to tackle extreme heat, and even when strategies exist, they are not effectively implemented. About Heat Waves Heat Waves is a period when...

Places in News for UPSC 2025 for Prelims and Mains Exam

As the UPSC Civil Services Examination approaches, staying updated on current events and places in the news becomes crucial for aspirants. Understanding the geographical, cultural, and political significance of various locations can enhance your answers in both the Prelims and...

Lapis Lazuli: The Vivid Blue Gemstone

Lapis Lazuli: The Vivid Blue Gemstone Lapis Lazuli is a deep blue metamorphic rock composed of 25-40% lazurite, which gives it its vivid blue colour. Mineral Content: It contains calcite (which can reduce its blueness), pyrites (adding a golden sparkle),...

Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA), Focus Areas and Significance

Context: India is preparing to step up to chair the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) from November 2025. About Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) was established in 1997 to promote regional cooperation among Indian Ocean...

Volcanoes Types, Classification, Causes and Significance

What is a Volcano? A volcano is an opening in the earth’s crust through which lava, volcanic ash, and gases escape. Volcanic eruptions can happen on land or underwater. Causes of Volcanism Trapped heat: The chemical reactions of the radioactive...

Bamboo Sector in India, Significance and Contribution

Bamboo Sector in India Bamboo is part of rural livelihood in developing countries like India. Due to its versatile nature and multiple uses, it is also called ‘poor man’s timber’. Though it grows tall like a tree, it belongs to...

Turmeric Farming in India, Growing Conditions and Medical Uses

Context: Indian turmeric production is projected to be 10-15% lower this season, due to unfavourable weather conditions and crop diseases. About Turmeric Farming in India Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a bright yellow spice derived from the rhizomes of the turmeric...

Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI)

Indo-Pacific Oceans Initiative (IPOI) It is a non-treaty-based voluntary arrangement that promotes cooperation for a free and open Indo-Pacific and the rules-based regional order. It was launched by India in 2019 at the East Asia Summit (EAS) in Bangkok (Thailand)....

Indian Ocean Region (IOR), Significance and Challenges

Context: India must act as a unifier in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) to ensure maritime security, counter China’s influence, safeguard trade routes, and promote regional stability through strategic leadership. Indian Ocean Region (IOR) Indian Ocean is the third largest water...

Offshore Mining, Legal Framework and Jurisdiction Issues

Context: The Kerala government and fishing communities are strongly opposing the Centre’s offshore mining plan due to its potential environmental and economic impacts. What is Offshore Mining? Offshore mining refers to the extraction of minerals and resources from underwater areas...