geography

Wetlands in India List, Map, Types, Importance and Threats

Context: India’s resolution titled “Promoting Sustainable Lifestyles for the Wise Use of Wetlands” was adopted with overwhelming support at Ramsar COP15 held in Zimbabwe. Wetlands in India From 2014 to 2024, 59 new sites were added to the Ramsar list,...

Zangezur Corridor: Location, History, Significance and India’s Concerns

Context: Armenia raised concerns in May 2025 over the proposed Zangezur Corridor, backed by Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Pakistan, fearing threats to its sovereignty and regional balance. Zangezur Corridor Geographical Context The Zangezur Corridor is a proposed transport route intended to...

Pacific Ring of Fire, Geological Activity, Recently Erupted Volcanoes

News? The epicentre of the recent 8.8 magnitude earthquake in the Russian far east side was on the Circum-Pacific belt (or Ring of fire). About Pacific Ring of Fire Ring of Fire is a path along the Pacific Ocean characterised by...

HYDRAA Clears Encroachments in Musi River: Historical Significance and Restoration

Context: HYDRAA (Hyderabad Disaster Response and Asset Protection Agency) reclaimed over 9.6 acres of the Musi river bed from illegal encroachments. About Musi River The Musi River, alternatively called Muchukunda or Musunuru River in the past, is a major Krishna...

Slums in Flood Prone Areas Highest in India, Key Issues and Solutions

Context: India has the world’s highest number of slum clusters in flood-prone areas. Key Issues for Slums in Flood Prone Areas High Exposure to Flood Risk: Over 158 million slum dwellers in India live in floodplains, especially in the Ganga...

Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF), Types, Reasons and Impacts

Context: With rising temperatures and subsequent glacial melt, the increased risk of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) is threatening life and property in the higher Himalayas. More on News An expert committee constituted by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and...

Etalin Hydroelectric Project in Arunachal Pradesh, Capacity, Rivers

Context: The Union Environment Ministry is set to evaluate the environmental clearance for the 3,087 MW Etalin dam project in Arunachal Pradesh’s Dibang Valley, just days after China initiated construction of what is expected to be the world’s largest hydroelectric dam...

Critical Minerals, Key Issues, Importance and Challenges

Context: India’s dependence on imports of critical minerals and lack of processing capacity necessitate strategic reforms. India faces strategic and economic risks in its green transition due to heavy reliance on imports of critical minerals, prompting engagement in international “mineral...

Typhoon Wipha hits Vietnam as Philippines Flood Displaces Thousands

Context: Tropical cyclone Wipha made landfall in northern Vietnam. Impacted Vietnam, China (especially Hainan and Guangdong), and the Philippines. Typhoon Wipha Typhoon Wipha, or Severe Tropical Storm Crising as it is also referred to in the Philippines, has recently produced...

Polavaram Banakacherla Link Project (PBLP), Features and Concerns

Context: The Centre has announced the formation of a high‑level technical committee to examine inter-state water disputes—most notably the Polavaram Banakacherla link project—between Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Polavaram Banakacherla Link Project (PBLP) Polavaram Banakacherla Link Project (PBLP) is a proposed...