International Relation

Political Shift in Nepal: Opportunity and Challenges

Context: Historic Electoral Shift in Nepal: The 2026 parliamentary elections brought a decisive victory for Balendra Shah and the Rastriya Swatantra Party (RSP), marking a major shift away from Nepal’s traditional political elites. Current Political Shift in Nepal Rise of...

Sudan and South Sudan Conflict, Origins, Reasons for Crisis

Context: Ongoing wars in Sudan and South Sudan have created one of the largest humanitarian crises in the world, with over 12 million people displaced since the Sudan conflict began in April 2023. Sudan: From Independence to the Current Crisis...

Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD) Agreement

Context: Ahead of the 14th WTO Ministerial Conference (MC14) in Cameroon (March 2026), India is opposing the inclusion of the Investment Facilitation for Development (IFD) Agreement, despite support from 128 of 166 WTO members, raising concerns of diplomatic isolation. About...

India’s Food Aid To Afghanistan and its Significance

Context: Amid a deepening humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan due to conflict, economic collapse and natural disasters, India has continued food and humanitarian assistance, reinforcing its role as a responsible regional power. Crisis Afghanistan is Facing Severe Food Insecurity: A large...

Kyoto Protocol, Objectives, History, Principles and Features

As climate change emerged as a serious global concern, countries came together to take collective action through the Kyoto Protocol. Adopted in 1997, this landmark agreement set binding emission reduction targets for industrialised nations, laying the foundation for future climate...

German Chancellor Visit to India in 2026: A Strategic Turning Point in India–Germany Relations

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz’s first visit to India and Asia in January 2026 marked: 25 years of India–Germany Strategic Partnership 75 years of diplomatic relations A shift from mainly economic cooperation to strategic, technological and geopolitical convergence The visit was...

Iran Nuclear Crisis and India’s Role for Diplomatic Mediation

Context: The strikes on Iran’s Fordow nuclear facility by the United States in June 2025, followed by the E3’s activation of the snapback clause of the 2015 JCPOA, have reignited tensions around Iran’s nuclear programme. Global Stakes: An IR Perspective...

H1B Visa Program, Beneficiaries, Eligibility and Limits

US President Donald Trump has once again shaken up the immigration landscape with a historic decision that could change the future of foreign workers in America. On September 20, 2025, Trump signed a proclamation imposing a $100,000 (over ₹88 lakh)...

Comparison Between India & France’s Democratic Setup

Context: Recently, French Prime Minister François Bayrou resigned after losing a vote of confidence, plunging the country into a fresh political crisis. Comparison between India & France's Democratic Setup Feature India France Head of State (President) ●        Appointment: Indirectly elected...

India–EAEU Relations: Opportunities and Challenges of the Eurasian Gamble

Context: India and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) — led by Russia — have finalised a framework to launch negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Current Status of India–EAEU Trade Bilateral Trade (India–Russia) 2024–25: $68.7 billion (5.5 times higher...