International Relation

India and Bangladesh Border: Map, Disputed Regions and Challenges

Context: Following directions from the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), the BSF has asked its field units to explore the feasibility of deploying reptiles such as snakes and crocodiles along the India–Bangladesh border. Facts About the India and Bangladesh Border...

India and Azerbaijan Relations: Tensions and Recent Strategic Ties

Context: India and Azerbaijan held the 6th Foreign Office Consultations in Baku (2026) to restore ties after tensions triggered by Operation Sindoor criticism. Fallout in India and Azerbaijan Relations after Operation Sindoor Operation Sindoor criticism: Azerbaijan criticised India’s strikes on...

Emerging Trade Opportunity for India in South Asia

Context: Recent political transitions in South Asia—Bangladesh, Nepal and Sri Lanka’s new leadership—create an opportunity for India to reset its neighbourhood policy through deeper economic engagement, especially trade. Recent Political Transition in South Asia Bangladesh: New government led by Tarique...

Global Tensions and India’s Economy: Impact, Risks and Opportunities

Context: Rising geopolitical instability, particularly in energy-rich West Asia, is casting a long shadow over India's macroeconomic landscape. With oil prices surging, the rupee under pressure, and fiscal buffers thinning, the interconnectedness of global conflicts and domestic economic health has...

India–Arab League Relations: Cooperation, Trade and Strategic Engagement

Context: The Council of the League of Arab States has appointed former Egyptian Foreign Minister Nabil Fahmy as the next secretary-general of the organisation. India is hosting the 2nd India–Arab Foreign Ministers’ Meeting in New Delhi, which involves ministers and...

India Nepal Relations: History, Challenges and Area of Cooperation

Context: Following the election of Nepal’s new Prime Minister Balendra “Balen” Shah (2026), both India and Nepal expressed willingness to strengthen bilateral ties (open border, deep cultural links, major trade dependence). India Nepal Relations: Why India Should Invite Balen Shah Diplomacy:...

Iran as a Fortress State: Key Factors Behind Its Strategic Strength

Context: The ongoing confrontation between the United States and Iran has demonstrated Iran as a “fortress state”—a political system built with multiple layers of institutional, military and social protection. Concept of the Fortress State The idea resembles the theory of...

Pakistan as Mediator in Iran–US Conflict: Strategy and Global Impact

Context: Pakistan has offered to mediate between the US and Iran, raising debates on its motivations, the challenges it faces, and the strategic implications for India and regional geopolitics Why Pakistan Has Offered as Mediator Diplomatic Access: Pakistan maintains working...

WTO’s 14th Ministerial Conference (MC14)

Context: The 14th Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organisation will take place from 26–29 March 2026 in Yaoundé, Cameroon, amid rising trade tensions and weakening multilateral trade governance. About WTO Establishment:  Global body regulating international trade rules, established in...

China’s Global Ocean Mapping Initiative: Objectives and Significance

Context: A recent newspaper investigation reveals that China is conducting a massive undersea mapping and monitoring operation across the Pacific, Indian, and Arctic Oceans. China's Global Ocean Mapping Initiative China’s Global Ocean Mapping Initiative represents a large-scale effort to systematically...