GS paper 3

World Environment Day 2025, Theme, History and Significance

World Environment Day 2025 will be observed on June 5 across the globe. Spearheaded by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), this year’s campaign brings renewed focus on one of the planet’s most pressing environmental challenges: plastic pollution. With the...

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), History, Members and Functions

Context: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has said that there has been “no radiation leak” from any nuclear facility in Pakistan after the escalated military engagement with India. The UPSC Syllabus includes the International Atomic Energy Agency as a...

Concept of GDP, GNP, NNP and NDP, Basic Economy Terms

The terms GDP, GNP, NNP, and NDP are basic indicators of the economic activity and national income of a nation. They are the worth of goods and services produced during a given period, typically a year, but vary in scope...

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Map, Climate, Vegetation, Fauna

Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is a UNESCO-designated biosphere reserve located in the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills ranges of South India. The region has a rich and diverse history, which dates back to prehistoric times. The Nilgiri...

Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate, Impact on Economy

Context: Recently the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) of RBI has decided to cut the repo rate by 25 basis points to 6%. Repo Rate and Reverse Repo Rate Repo Rate: The interest rate that the RBI charges when commercial banks...

Urban Cooperative Banks in India, Functions and Challenges

Context: The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has decided to replace the SAF with the PCA framework to strengthen supervisory intervention for financially weak Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs). Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs) Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs) are financial institutions that...

Gold Monetisation Scheme, Objectives, Features, Benefits

Context: The Government of India has decided to discontinue the Medium-Term and Long-Term Deposits (MLTGD) under the Gold Monetisation Scheme (GMS). About Gold Monetisation Scheme (GMS) The Gold Monetisation Scheme (GMS) was launched in November 2015 as a revamped version...

Chandrayaan 3 Mission, Key Findings Data from the Mission

Context: A new study based on data collected by the Chandrayaan-3 mission has suggested that water ice could be present at more locations beneath the Moon’s surface at the poles than previously thought. Key Findings from Chandrayaan 3 Mission Data...

Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA), History, Causes, Leader, Challenges

The Narmada Bachao Andolan (NBA) is one of the most influential social movements in India. It was initiated in 1985 by local tribal people, farmers, environmentalists, and human rights activists to protest against the construction of large dams on the...

Appiko Movement History, Background Objective and Result

The Appiko Movement is a significant environmental campaign that originated in September 1983 in the Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka, India. Inspired by the Chipko Movement of 1973 in Uttarakhand, the Appiko Movement aimed to protect the Western Ghats’ forests...