GS paper 3

Labour Laws in India: Four Labour Codes, Key Provisions and UPSC Relevance

India’s labour-law framework historically consisted of numerous central and state laws covering wages, industrial relations, social security, occupational safety and working conditions. To simplify this fragmented framework, Parliament enacted four Labour Codes between 2019 and 2020, consolidating 29 central labour...

India Forex Reserve 2026: Record $785.7 Billion, Components and UPSC Significance

India’s Forex Reserve surged by a record $44.903 billion to $785.706 billion in the week ended September 4, 2026, driven mainly by a sharp rise in Foreign Currency Assets (FCAs) and strong foreign-currency inflows. Why in News? India’s foreign exchange...

Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA), Provisions and Importance

Context: The Government proposes changes to the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, 2010, to address gaps in managing foreign funds received by NGOs. To improve oversight, ensure proper use of funds, and remove administrative uncertainties. Foreign Contribution Regulation Act (FCRA) The...

Ramsar Convention 1971 Explained: Meaning, Objectives and Key Facts

The Ramsar Convention 1971 is one of the most important international environmental treaties dedicated to the conservation and sustainable use of wetlands. As wetlands face rapid degradation worldwide, the convention provides a global framework to protect these critical ecosystems that...

Wildlife Sanctuaries of India 2026: List, Map, Area, Importance

Wildlife Sanctuaries in India are specially declared zones to preserve wild animals, plants, and their natural habitats. They ensure that biodiversity prospers without too much human intervention. As of 2026, there are 573 Wildlife Sanctuaries in India, which comprise 1,23,762.56...

List of Tiger Reserves in India 2026 – Complete Guide

Tiger Reserves are one of the most important topics for UPSC Prelims and Mains under Environment, Ecology, Biodiversity Conservation, and Government Schemes. As of 2026, India has 58 Tiger Reserves, spread across 18 states, covering more than 82,000 sq km...

Purchasing Power Parity Index, How to Calculate, India vs USA

Context: According to a report by EY, India is set to become the world's second-largest economy in Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) terms by 2038. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) is an economic concept that measures the value...

Unemployment Rate in India, Current Rate, Historical Trends, and Analysis

Unemployment is one of the most crucial indicators of a country’s economic health. In India, the unemployment rate reflects not only the availability of jobs but also the participation of the workforce in different sectors. According to the latest Periodic...

RBI Monetary Policy Committee: Repo Rate Remains Unchanged at 5.5%

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has decided to keep the repo rate unchanged at 5.5% in its Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting held on August 6, 2025. This move, while expected by many market analysts, has significant implications for...

Goods and Services Tax (GST), Objectives, Features, Subsumed Taxes

India celebrates the eighth anniversary of the Goods and Services Tax (GST) on July 1, 2025, marking a significant moment in the country’s economic and taxation history. Since its implementation in 2017, GST has redefined how businesses operate, how goods...