punjab pcs

Punjab Under Mughal Rule: The First Decade After Banda Singh Bahadur’s Execution

The execution of Banda Singh Bahadur was a devastating blow to the Sikh community. It left them leaderless and vulnerable, especially since Emperor Farrukhsiyar was determined to eradicate Sikhism. He commanded Abdal Samad Khan, the Subedar of Lahore, to execute...

Banda Singh Bahadur

Banda Singh Bahadur Birth: October 27, 1670, Rajouri, Kashmir Father: Sri Ramdev Wife: Susheel Kaur Son: Ajai Singh Also Known As: Lachhman Das, Madho Das, Banda Bairagi, Gurbaksh Singh Death: June 9, 1716, Delhi Banda Singh Bahadur, originally named Lachhman...

Bhakti Movement in Punjab

Hinduism, over time, had degenerated, with rigid caste rules and blind superstition taking center stage. In response, reform movements emerged. The Bhakti movement, advocating devotion to one God, sought to purify and revitalize Hinduism. While initially, these efforts did not...

Sufi Movement in Punjab

Sufi Movement in Punjab  The Sufi movement emerged as a significant socio-religious movement between the 14th and 16th centuries. Rooted in Islamic mysticism, it was influenced by Vedantic philosophy, Buddhism, Christianity, and Jainism. The Sufis, who were unorthodox Muslim saints,...

The Mughal Dynasty in Punjab (1526-1707 CE)

The Mughal dynasty, derived from the Persian word Mughul meaning Mongol, was a Muslim dynasty of Turkic-Mongol origin that ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. It was renowned for its strong governance and...

Delhi Sultanate in Punjab

Delhi Sultanate The period between 1206 and 1526 is known as the Delhi Sultanate, marking the establishment of Islamic rule in India. The rulers of this era adopted the title of Sultan, a term signifying a powerful ruler under the...

Ghaznavid Empire in Punjab (10th AD – 12th AD)

Ghaznavid Empire (10th AD - 12th AD) The Ghaznavid Empire emerged in the late 10th century AD, marking the culmination of a shift in military power that had begun under the Samanid amirate. Initially, the Samanids relied on the Iranian...

Hindu Shahis in Punjab (9th AD – 11th AD)

Hindu Shahis (9th AD – 11th AD) The Hindu Shahi dynasty ruled over Kabul and the ancient province of Gandhara from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century until the 9th century. Initially known as the Kabul...

Taank Kingdom in Punjab (6th AD – 8th AD)

Taank Kingdom (6th AD - 8th AD) Feature Details Period 6th AD – 8th AD Geographical Location Covered parts of northern Punjab, including present-day Pakistan and India Capital Sialkot Mention in Historical Records Hiuen-Tsang (Xuanzang) (631-643 AD) referred to it...

Water Resources of Punjab and Canal Network in Punjab

Punjab's vast Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain is a rich repository of groundwater resources. However, in the southwestern parts of the state, the thickness of freshwater aquifers is significantly lower than in other areas, with depths of fresh water-bearing aquifers in some...