indian society

Custodial Deaths in India, Types, Issues and Reforms

Context: Custodial deaths in Tamil Nadu highlight the urgent need for human-centric policing reforms and legislative safeguards across India. What are Custodial Deaths? Custodial death is the death of a person while in the custody of law enforcement authorities (police)...

Maternal Care in India, Challenges and Government Initiatives

Context: The Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) for India is on the decline, but there are States that need to focus on basic and systemic issues. Maternal Care in India: Challenges Three Delays Model: Delay in recognising complications and seeking care...

Maternity Benefit Act 1961, Applicability, Eligibility and Provisions

Maternity Benefit Act 1961 The Maternity Benefit Act of 1961 is a piece of legislation that supports women's employment during their pregnancies. It guarantees the female employee "maternity benefits," which are the payment of their wages while they are away...

Child Labour in India, Causes, Challenges and Government Initiatives

Context: Recently, Just Rights for Children (JRC), in collaboration with NGOs and law enforcement, published observations related to child labour prevalence in India. Every year, June 12 is observed as World Day Against Child Labour under the aegis of the...

Empowering Women in Agriculture for Food Security

Context The United Nations General Assembly has declared 2026 as the International Year of the Woman Farmer. The resolution celebrates the essential role of women in global agriculture while raising awareness of their challenges, which include property rights and market...

Early Childhood Education (ECE), Significance and Current Challenges

Context: Strategic investments in early childhood education and engaging parents will help young learners. Quote “Some kids win the lottery at birth; far too many don’t — and most people struggle to catch up,” – Nobel Laureate Prof. James Heckman....

Nutritional Gender Inequality: Nature and Impacts

Context: India's free foodgrain for 800 million highlights persistent malnutrition, with women and girls remaining the most neglected victims. Nature of Nutritional Gender Inequality Disproportionate Malnutrition Rates: NFHS-5 data shows 57% of women (15–49 years) are anaemic, compared to 26%...

Digital Exclusion for People with Disabilities (PwDs)

Context: Recently, the Supreme Court (SC) directed revisions to Know-Your-Customer (KYC) digital norms to ensure accessibility for ‘persons with disabilities’ (PwD), reinterpreting Article 21 of the Constitution to encompass the ‘right to digital access’. What approach does the Rights of...

Is Bihar’s High Replacement Rate a Consequence of Poverty?

Context: According to the Sample Registration System report for 2021, released by the Registrar General of India, Bihar reported the highest TFR at 3.0. Is Bihar’s High Replacement Rate a Consequence of Poverty? While poverty plays a significant role, cultural,...

Road Safety in India, Key Challenges and Government Interventions

Context: India faces a road safety crisis, which calls for an urgent need to ensure road safety. Why Is There an Urgent Need to Ensure Road Safety in India? High Fatalities: India recorded 68 lakh road accident deaths in 2022,...