Daily Quiz 28 April 2026
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
1 pointsWith reference to the proposed Space-Based Solar Power (SBSP) systems, consider the following statements:
- They can generate uninterrupted solar energy irrespective of Earth’s day-night cycle.
- Energy transmission to Earth is entirely lossless due to vacuum conditions.
- Space debris poses a potential threat to such systems.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: (a)
Explanation:- Statement 1 is Correct: Unlike ground-based solar panels, SBSP satellites in high orbits (like Geostationary Orbit) can stay in sunlight almost 24 hours a day, for nearly 100% of the year. This allows them to generate a steady “baseload” of power that is uninterrupted by the Earth’s day-night cycle or weather conditions.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: While vacuum conditions in space eliminate air resistance, energy transmission to Earth is not entirely lossless. Wireless power transmission (via microwaves or lasers) involves significant conversion and transmission losses. Additionally, while microwaves can pass through clouds with minimal loss, they are still subject to some atmospheric interference and diffraction.
Statement 3 is Correct: Space debris is a major operational risk. These systems require massive satellite arrays (kilometers in size), making them large targets for micrometeoroids and man-made space junk. Studies, including those by NASA, identify active debris removal as a critical technological challenge for the long-term viability of SBSP.
Incorrect
Answer: (a)
Explanation:- Statement 1 is Correct: Unlike ground-based solar panels, SBSP satellites in high orbits (like Geostationary Orbit) can stay in sunlight almost 24 hours a day, for nearly 100% of the year. This allows them to generate a steady “baseload” of power that is uninterrupted by the Earth’s day-night cycle or weather conditions.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: While vacuum conditions in space eliminate air resistance, energy transmission to Earth is not entirely lossless. Wireless power transmission (via microwaves or lasers) involves significant conversion and transmission losses. Additionally, while microwaves can pass through clouds with minimal loss, they are still subject to some atmospheric interference and diffraction.
Statement 3 is Correct: Space debris is a major operational risk. These systems require massive satellite arrays (kilometers in size), making them large targets for micrometeoroids and man-made space junk. Studies, including those by NASA, identify active debris removal as a critical technological challenge for the long-term viability of SBSP.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
1 pointsWith reference to the Tar-Balls Management Rules, 2026, consider the following statements:
- Tar-balls are classified as non-hazardous marine debris.
- The rules incorporate the ‘polluter pays’ principle.
- The Indian Coast Guard has been assigned offshore response responsibilities.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: (c)
Explanation:- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Under the Tar-balls Management Rules, 2026, tar-balls are explicitly classified as hazardous waste. They are toxic oil residues containing heavy metals and persistent pollutants that pose significant risks to marine life, public health, and coastal economies.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The rules operationalise the ‘polluter pays’ principle. Owners of oil facilities or vessels are liable to pay environmental compensation if their mismanagement leading to oil spills causes tar-ball pollution and subsequent ecological or health damage.
Statement 3 is Correct: The institutional framework for these rules assigns distinct roles for response. While district administrations are typically responsible for onshore collection, the Indian Coast Guard serves as the central authority for monitoring and addressing offshore oil spills and coordinating response activities in the sea to prevent further tar-ball formation and beaching.
Incorrect
Answer: (c)
Explanation:- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Under the Tar-balls Management Rules, 2026, tar-balls are explicitly classified as hazardous waste. They are toxic oil residues containing heavy metals and persistent pollutants that pose significant risks to marine life, public health, and coastal economies.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The rules operationalise the ‘polluter pays’ principle. Owners of oil facilities or vessels are liable to pay environmental compensation if their mismanagement leading to oil spills causes tar-ball pollution and subsequent ecological or health damage.
Statement 3 is Correct: The institutional framework for these rules assigns distinct roles for response. While district administrations are typically responsible for onshore collection, the Indian Coast Guard serves as the central authority for monitoring and addressing offshore oil spills and coordinating response activities in the sea to prevent further tar-ball formation and beaching.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
1 pointsWith reference to the Multi-Hazard Early Warning Decision Support System (MHEW-DSS), consider the following statements:
- It is developed entirely using foreign proprietary technology.
- It has increased forecast lead time beyond previous capabilities.
- It automates a significant portion of weather data processing.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: (a)
Explanation:- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Multi-Hazard Early Warning Decision Support System (MHEW-DSS) was developed by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) using open-source technology and in-house scientific expertise. It is a core component of the “Mission Mausam” initiative, which focuses on indigenous digital transformation rather than relying entirely on foreign proprietary software.
- Statement 2 is Correct: A primary objective of the MHEW-DSS is to enhance disaster preparedness by increasing forecast lead times. By integrating advanced numerical models and satellite data into a unified interface, it provides authorities with earlier and more accurate warnings for hazards like cyclones, heatwaves, and heavy rainfall compared to previous legacy systems.
Statement 3 is Correct: The system is designed to automate a significant portion of weather data processing. It integrates real-time data collection from various sensors and observation networks with automated analytical tools, enabling the seamless generation and dissemination of alerts without extensive manual intervention.
Incorrect
Answer: (a)
Explanation:- Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Multi-Hazard Early Warning Decision Support System (MHEW-DSS) was developed by the India Meteorological Department (IMD) using open-source technology and in-house scientific expertise. It is a core component of the “Mission Mausam” initiative, which focuses on indigenous digital transformation rather than relying entirely on foreign proprietary software.
- Statement 2 is Correct: A primary objective of the MHEW-DSS is to enhance disaster preparedness by increasing forecast lead times. By integrating advanced numerical models and satellite data into a unified interface, it provides authorities with earlier and more accurate warnings for hazards like cyclones, heatwaves, and heavy rainfall compared to previous legacy systems.
Statement 3 is Correct: The system is designed to automate a significant portion of weather data processing. It integrates real-time data collection from various sensors and observation networks with automated analytical tools, enabling the seamless generation and dissemination of alerts without extensive manual intervention.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
1 pointsWith reference to trends in childbirth practices in India, consider the following statements:
- Caesarean section rates in India have remained within WHO-recommended limits.
- Private healthcare institutions show significantly higher rates of caesarean deliveries.
- Increasing caesarean rates have no long-term health implications for children.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: (c)
Explanation:- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Caesarean section (C-section) rates in India have surpassed the WHO-recommended limits of 10–15%. According to the National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5), the national C-section rate rose to 21.5%.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Data from NFHS-5 shows a stark disparity between healthcare sectors. The C-section rate in private health facilities was approximately 47.4%, which is significantly higher than the 14.3% recorded in public health facilities.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: Extensive medical research indicates that C-section deliveries do have long-term health implications for children. These include an increased risk of chronic conditions such as asthma, obesity, Type 1 diabetes, and altered gut microbiome development.
Incorrect
Answer: (c)
Explanation:- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Caesarean section (C-section) rates in India have surpassed the WHO-recommended limits of 10–15%. According to the National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5), the national C-section rate rose to 21.5%.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Data from NFHS-5 shows a stark disparity between healthcare sectors. The C-section rate in private health facilities was approximately 47.4%, which is significantly higher than the 14.3% recorded in public health facilities.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: Extensive medical research indicates that C-section deliveries do have long-term health implications for children. These include an increased risk of chronic conditions such as asthma, obesity, Type 1 diabetes, and altered gut microbiome development.
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
1 pointsWith reference to India’s evolving strategic thinking on maritime primacy, consider the following statements:
- The Bombay School emphasizes control over maritime routes and trade networks.
- The Ludhiana School prioritizes naval dominance over land security.
- Maritime strategy is increasingly linked with India’s geoeconomic integration.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: (a)
Explanation:- Statement 1 is Correct: The Bombay School of strategic thinking (associated with colonial-era figures like Malcolm and Elphinstone) advocates for a maritime-centric worldview. It emphasizes that India’s security begins at sea and is maintained by controlling maritime routes, managing littoral politics in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea, and fostering robust trade networks.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Ludhiana School is fundamentally continental in orientation. It prioritizes land-based security, focusing on the protection of frontiers, management of tribal politics in the northwest (like Afghanistan), and the establishment of buffer zones to prevent inland invasions. It does not prioritize naval dominance; rather, it has historically relegated the navy to a secondary role.
Statement 3 is Correct: Modern Indian maritime strategy is deeply integrated with geoeconomic goals. This is evident in initiatives like SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) and the proposed IMEC (India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor), which leverage India’s “peninsular advantage” to bypass hostile land routes and integrate with global markets.
Incorrect
Answer: (a)
Explanation:- Statement 1 is Correct: The Bombay School of strategic thinking (associated with colonial-era figures like Malcolm and Elphinstone) advocates for a maritime-centric worldview. It emphasizes that India’s security begins at sea and is maintained by controlling maritime routes, managing littoral politics in the Persian Gulf and Arabian Sea, and fostering robust trade networks.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Ludhiana School is fundamentally continental in orientation. It prioritizes land-based security, focusing on the protection of frontiers, management of tribal politics in the northwest (like Afghanistan), and the establishment of buffer zones to prevent inland invasions. It does not prioritize naval dominance; rather, it has historically relegated the navy to a secondary role.
Statement 3 is Correct: Modern Indian maritime strategy is deeply integrated with geoeconomic goals. This is evident in initiatives like SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) and the proposed IMEC (India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor), which leverage India’s “peninsular advantage” to bypass hostile land routes and integrate with global markets.
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Daily Quiz 24 April 2026
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