upsc

Examine the pattern and trend of public expenditure on social services in the post-reforms period in India. To what extent has this been in consonance with achieving the objective of inclusive growth?

Introduction According to OECD, Inclusive growth is economic growth that is distributed fairly across society and creates opportunities for all.  On the other hand, sustainability encompasses the idea of meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of...

Discuss the geopolitical and geostrategic importance of Maldives for India with a focus on global trade and/energy flows. Further also discuss how this relationship affects India’s maritime security and regional stability amidst international competition ?

Maldives holds strategic importance for India 'Neighbourhood First' policy due to its location in the Indian Ocean. As maritime economic activity in the Indian Ocean has risen dramatically in recent decades, the geopolitical competition too in the Indian Ocean has...

‘Terrorism has become a significant threat to global peace and security’. Evaluate the effectiveness of the United Nations Security Council’s Counter Terrorism Committee (CIC) and its associated bodies in addressing and mitigating this threat at the international level

Terrorism is the unlawful use of violence by non-state actors or individuals to instill fear or intimidate governments or societies in pursuit of political, ideological, religious, or social goals. According to Global Terrorism Index 2024, In 2023, deaths from terrorism...

E-governance is not just about the routine application of digital technology in service delivery processes. It is as much about multifarious interactions for ensuring transparency and accountability. In this context, evaluate the role of the ‘Interactive Service Model’ of e-governance.

Introduction You can start your answer by explaining e-governance. E-governance involves using digital technologies to improve government services and communication with citizens, enhancing efficiency, transparency, and accountability.  E.g. India’s DigiLocker system allows digital access to important documents, reducing paperwork. You...

In a crucial domain like the public healthcare system, the Indian State should play a vital role to contain the adverse impact of marketization of the system. Suggest some measures through which the State can enhance the reach of public healthcare at the grassroots level

Introduction  You can start by stating that private healthcare, accounts for around 70% of healthcare utilization in the country→ increasing marketization of healthcare, with an over-reliance on private providers, has raised concerns about access, affordability, and equity. Body Adverse impact...

Discuss India as a secular state and compare it with the secular principles of the US Constitution

Introduction: Briefly mention how secularism is a foundational principle in both India and the United States, shaping their democratic structures. Highlight the Differences: Introduce the idea that while both countries are secular, they have different models of secularism. This sets...

Explain the reasons for the growth of public interest litigation in India. As a result of it, has the Indian Supreme Court emerged as the world’s most powerful judiciary?

Introduction: You can start your answer with the definition of PIL: Public Interest Litigation (PIL) refers to a legal action initiated in a court to safeguard the public's interest on issues like pollution, terrorism, road safety, and construction hazards. Any...

What changes has the Union Government recently introduced in the domain of Centre-State relations? Suggest measures to be adopted to build the trust between the Centre and the States and for strengthening federalism

Introduction: Context: Centre-State relations are a vital aspect of India’s federal structure, impacting governance and policy implementation across the country. The dynamic interplay between the Union Government and State authorities shapes the nation’s political landscape. Highlight Recent Changes: Recently, the...

Right to privacy is intrinsic to life and personal liberty and is inherently protected under Article 21 of the constitution. Explain. In this reference discuss the law relating to D.N.A testing of child in the womb to establish its paternity

Article 21 of the Indian Constitution states, "No person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law."  In the landmark case of Justice K.S. Puttaswamy vs. Union of India (2017), the Supreme...

The Doctrine of Democratic Governance makes it necessary that the public perception of the integrity and commitment of civil servants becomes absolutely positive. Discuss

Introduction The Doctrine of Democratic Governance emphasises that the effectiveness of governance in a democracy hinges on the trust and confidence citizens have in the institutions and individuals that govern them. The public perception of integrity and commitment of Civil...