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Flooding in urban areas is an emerging climate-induced disaster. Discuss the causes of this disaster. Mention the features of two such major floods in the last two decades in India. Describe the policies and frameworks in India that aim at tackling such floods

Introduction You can mention that with changing climate pattern, there has been an increasing trend of urban floods in India over the past several years.  Add examples-Delhi Flood (2023), Bengaluru Flood (2022), Hyderabad (2020), Chennai (2015). Causes of Urban Flooding...

What is disaster resilience? How is it determined? Describe various elements of a resilience framework. Also mention the global targets of Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (2015-2030)

Introduction You can begin with the definition of Disaster resilience-the ability of individuals, communities, organisations and states to adapt to and recover from hazards, shocks or stresses without compromising long-term prospects for development. You can use keywords like-Disaster resilience is...

What are asteroids? How real is the threat of them causing extinction of life? What strategies have been developed to prevent such a catastrophe?

Introduction Asteroids are small, rocky objects that orbit the Sun and are primarily found in the asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.  Formation: Most asteroids are remnants of the early solar system, and they never coalesced into planets due to...

The world is facing an acute shortage of clean and safe freshwater. What are the alternative technologies that can solve this crisis? Briefly discuss any three such technologies, citing their key merits and demerits

Introduction Begin your answer, highlighting the status of freshwater scarcity in the world. The UN Water Development Report of 2023 reveals that between two and three billion people globally face water shortage.  UNICEF's projections are equally dire, forecasting that by...

Elucidate the importance of buffer stocks for stabilizing agricultural prices in India. What are the challenges associated with the storage of buffer stocks?

Introduction Buffer stocks managed primarily by the Food Corporation of India (FCI), plays a crucial role in stabilising agricultural prices in India, ensuring food security and protecting both consumers and farmers from price volatility, by procuring essential food grains like...

What are the major challenges faced by Indian irrigation systems in recent times? State the measures taken by the government for efficient irrigation management.

Introduction-  Start with a data related to the importance of irrigation system in India.  "India's irrigation system, crucial for the country's food security and agricultural growth, faces numerous challenges in recent times. With nearly 60% of the country's net sown...

What is the need for expanding regional air connectivity in India? In this context, discuss the government’s UDAN scheme and its achievements

UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik) scheme, launched by the Government of India in 2017, is a transformative initiative aimed at enhancing regional air connectivity and making air travel accessible to the common citizen. Need for Expanding Regional Air Connectivity:...

Discuss the merits and demerits of the four ‘Labour Codes’ in the context of labour market reforms in India. What has been the progress so far?

Introduction You can start your answer by mentioning the four labour codes and highlighting the need for their implementation. The four Labour Codes introduced in India Code on Wages (2019),  Industrial Relations Code (2020),  Social Security Code (2020) Occupational Safety,...

Describe the context and salient features of the Digital Personal Data Protection Act, 2023

Introduction You can start your answer by mentioning the significance of Digital Personal Data Protection. The Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023 was enacted to create a comprehensive legal framework for protecting personal data in India.  The DPDP Act...

Explain how narco-terrorism has emerged as a serious threat across the country. Suggest suitable measures to counter narco-terrorism

Introduction- Define Narco terrorism and explain the threats of narco terrorism in various dimensions. Narco-terrorism refers to the convergence of drug trafficking and terrorism, where drug trade profits are used to fund terrorist activities. Body This phenomenon has emerged as...