International Relations

India-China Trade Relations, Border Disputes, Related Concerns

Context: India and China have decided to resume border trade through Lipulekh Pass (Uttarakhand) from June 2026 after a 7-year suspension (since 2019–20) due to COVID-19 and border tensions. About Lipulekh Pass Location: Situated in Pithoragarh district, Uttarakhand, at the tri-junction...

NATO Countries List 2026, Members, Functions and Significance

The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) is the world’s most powerful political and military alliance, playing a central role in maintaining security and stability across Europe and North America. Established in 1949, NATO has evolved from a Cold War collective...

International Day For Disarmament And Non-Proliferation Awareness 2026

The International Day for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Awareness is observed every year on March 5 to raise awareness about the importance of disarmament, arms control, and non-proliferation in maintaining global peace and security. The day aims to educate people, especially...

List of Indo-Pakistan Wars and Conflicts, History and Causes

Context: The Pahalgam Terror Attack, which killed 26 tourists on April 22, 2025, has caused a serious deterioration in Indo-Pakistan ties. The Indus Waters Treaty has been suspended, the Attari-Wagah border has been closed, and diplomatic ties have been downgraded...

India-Canada Relations, Evolution, Recent Challenges

India and Canada share a long-standing relationship built on democratic values, Commonwealth traditions, and a robust people-to-people connection. However, diplomatic ties between the two nations faced unprecedented strain during Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s tenure, particularly after his allegations against the...

Iran President Ebrahim Raisi declared dead in Helicopter Crash

Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and his foreign minister died when their helicopter crashed as it was crossing mountain terrain in heavy fog. This event has significant implications for Iran’s political landscape and its role in regional stability. Despite this, significant...

Pakistan Elections 2024, Pakistan Election Results 2024 Highlights

Pakistan Elections 2024 Pakistan, since its inception in 1947, has navigated a tumultuous path towards establishing stable democratic governance. With a history marked by military coups, political turmoil, and shifting power dynamics, the journey of democracy in Pakistan has been...

Geneva Conventions, Protects Rights of Non-Combatants During Armed Conflicts

Geneva Conventions The Geneva Conventions stand as pillars of international humanitarian law, establishing ethical standards for conduct during warfare. Originating in 1864, these conventions underwent significant revisions in 1949 and have since been complemented by additional protocols and treaties, shaping...

Operation Cactus in Maldives, Background, Execution and Aftermath

Operation Cactus in Maldives was an Indian military operation in 1988 to rescue President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom and restore his democratically elected government in the Maldives. The operation was launched in response to a coup attempt by a group of...

Tashkent Declaration, Background, Salient Features and Outcome

The Tashkent Declaration refers to a peace agreement signed between India and Pakistan on January 10, 1966, in Tashkent, the capital of the former Soviet Uzbekistan (now Uzbekistan). The declaration was the outcome of a summit held between Indian Prime...