International Relations

NATO Countries List 2025, Members, Functions and Significance

NATO has urged a 400% boost in defence spending to tackle rising threats from Russia, with a proposed 3.5% of GDP for military and 1.5% for related infrastructure, ahead of the June 24–25 NATO Summit. The North Atlantic Treaty Organisation...

List of Indo-Pakistan Wars and Conflicts, History and Causes

Context: The Pahalgam Terror Attack, which killed 26 tourists on April 22, 2025, has caused a serious deterioration in Indo-Pakistan ties. The Indus Waters Treaty has been suspended, the Attari-Wagah border has been closed, and diplomatic ties have been downgraded...

India-Canada Relations, Evolution, Recent Challenges

India and Canada share a long-standing relationship built on democratic values, Commonwealth traditions, and a robust people-to-people connection. However, diplomatic ties between the two nations faced unprecedented strain during Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s tenure, particularly after his allegations against the...

Iran President Ebrahim Raisi declared dead in Helicopter Crash

Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and his foreign minister died when their helicopter crashed as it was crossing mountain terrain in heavy fog. This event has significant implications for Iran’s political landscape and its role in regional stability. Despite this, significant...

International Day For Disarmament And Non-Proliferation Awareness 2024

On March 5th, 2024, as the world observes the International Day for Disarmament and Non-Proliferation Awareness, it is imperative to reflect on the critical importance of global cooperation in promoting peace and security. In this article, we delve into the...

Pakistan Elections 2024, Pakistan Election Results 2024 Highlights

Pakistan Elections 2024 Pakistan, since its inception in 1947, has navigated a tumultuous path towards establishing stable democratic governance. With a history marked by military coups, political turmoil, and shifting power dynamics, the journey of democracy in Pakistan has been...

Geneva Conventions, Protects Rights of Non-Combatants During Armed Conflicts

Geneva Conventions The Geneva Conventions stand as pillars of international humanitarian law, establishing ethical standards for conduct during warfare. Originating in 1864, these conventions underwent significant revisions in 1949 and have since been complemented by additional protocols and treaties, shaping...

India-China Trade Relations, Border Disputes, Related Concerns

Context: India China bilateral trade reached a record US$136.2 billion in the year 2023. India-China Trade Relations Bilateral Trade: Bilateral trade between India and China reached US$136.2 billion in 2023 Both countries have expanded economic ties, with India becoming one...

Operation Cactus in Maldives, Background, Execution and Aftermath

Operation Cactus in Maldives was an Indian military operation in 1988 to rescue President Maumoon Abdul Gayoom and restore his democratically elected government in the Maldives. The operation was launched in response to a coup attempt by a group of...

Tashkent Declaration, Background, Salient Features and Outcome

The Tashkent Declaration refers to a peace agreement signed between India and Pakistan on January 10, 1966, in Tashkent, the capital of the former Soviet Uzbekistan (now Uzbekistan). The declaration was the outcome of a summit held between Indian Prime...