Biocomputing – Brain Organoid, Examples, Layers

Context: Recently, scientists have fused brain-like tissue with electronics to make an ‘organoid neural network’ that can recognise voices and solve complex mathematical problems.

About Biocomputing- Brain Organoid

What is Biocomputing?

• Biocomputing: It uses biological components to perform computational processes.
  • Examples: Australian Experiment:
    • Cultured brain cells were trained to play table tennis, showcasing the potential for long-term training.
  • US Experiment:
    • Brain organoids were used to create an “organoid neural network.”
    • This network was tested on:
      • Speech recognition: Could differentiate between voices.
      • Math problem solving: Solved a specific equation type.

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What is Brain Organoid?

• Brain Organoid: A brain organoid is a self-organising three-dimensional tissue derived from human embryonic stem cells or pluripotent stem cells and is able to simulate the architecture and functionality of the human brain.
• Organoid Neural Networks: Self-organising brain organoids connected to microelectrode arrays (MEAs) can be changed in function to create neural networks.
  • It uses brain organoids (3D brain cell aggregates) as a biological neural network.
  • Layers:
    • Input: Receives external signals.
    • Reservoir (Brainoware):
      • Composed of the connected brain organoid.
      • “Black box” – internal workings untraceable.
      • Transforms input signals into mathematical entities for processing.
    • Output:
      • “Normal” computer hardware.
      • Reads and interprets neural activity from the reservoir.
    • Demonstrations:
      • Predicted a complex mathematical function (Henon map).
      • Recognized Japanese vowels with 78% accuracy after learning from audio clips (without external feedback).

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