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Diplomatic Immunity

What is Diplomatic Immunity?

  • Diplomatic immunity is a principle of international law that protects foreign government officials from the jurisdiction of local authorities and courts.
  • It protects diplomats, their families and their property while they are on diplomatic assignment.
  • It allows diplomats to carry out their work without hindrance.
  • It protects them from prosecution, arrest, and other legal proceedings in the country they are working in.
  • Diplomats also do not have to pay taxes in the country they are working in.
  • Diplomatic immunity does not prevent the host country from expelling the diplomat.
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, 1961
  • It is an international treaty that establishes rules and principles for diplomatic relations between countries.
  • It is ratified by 193 countries.
  • India passed the Diplomatic Relations (Vienna Convention) Act of 1972 to ratify it.

Important Articles

  • Article-29: It provides diplomats immunity from arrest or detention. Their private residences are also protected under Article 30.
  • Article-31: It provides diplomats with immunity from the criminal jurisdiction of the host state.
  • Article-26: The host nation must ensure freedom of movement and travel in its territory for diplomats.
  • Article-27: It allows the diplomatic mission to send and receive documents and necessary materials without being opened or inspected by the host country.

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