National Air Quality Resource Framework of India

The National Air Quality Resource Framework of India aims to integrate policies, research, and strategies for improving air quality, monitoring pollution, and ensuring sustainable environmental management.

Table of Contents

Context: Delhi has been ranked the world’s most polluted capital for the sixth consecutive year in IQAir’s 2024 World Air Quality Report. The need for an airshed-based approach, as suggested by NARFI, is gaining traction.

About National Air Quality Resource Framework of India (NARFI)

National Air Quality Resource Framework of India (NARFI) is an initiative under the Office of the Principal Scientific Advisor (PSA) to the Government of India.
It was launched by NIAS (National Institute of Advanced Studies) to create a scientific framework for air quality management across India.
The framework helps in mapping pollution sources, identifying airsheds, and implementing data-driven policies.

Key Objectives of NARFI

Airshed-Based Approach – Moves beyond state boundaries to address air pollution at a regional level.
Data-Driven Decision Making – Uses satellite imagery, ground-based sensors, and AI models to track pollution.
Policy Integration – Aligns national and regional pollution control strategies.
Public Awareness & Collaboration – Engages multiple stakeholders like government bodies, researchers, and industries.

What are Airsheds?

An airshed is a geographic region where air pollutants circulate and mix due to meteorological and topographical factors.
It is similar to a watershed (which governs the flow of water) but applies to air movement and pollution spread.
Delhi’s Airshed spans six states (Punjab, Haryana, UP, Rajasthan, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand).
Other important airsheds in India include:
- Indo-Gangetic Plain Airshed (Delhi, UP, Bihar, West Bengal, Punjab)
- Central India Airshed (Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra)
- Western India Airshed (Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan)

Why is an Airshed Approach Necessary?

Traditional state-wise policies fail because pollution travels beyond state borders.
Eg. Delhi’s pollution comes from stubble burning in Punjab & Haryana and industrial activity in UP.
The airshed model ensures a coordinated effort between multiple states for effective pollution control.