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The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 3 January 2023

 

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 3 January 2023_4.1

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 2 January 2023

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 3 January 2023_5.1

The Hindu Editorial Today

  • A majority of four judges on a Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court on Monday found no flaw in the Union governmentтАЩs process to demonetise тВ╣500 and тВ╣1,000 banknotes through a Gazette notification issued on November 8, 2016.
  • The sole woman judge on the five-member Bench, Justice B.V. Nagarathna, however, disagreed with the majority, saying the governmentтАЩs notification issued under Section 26(2) of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Act was unlawful.
  • Justice B.R. Gavai, delivering the judgment for the majority, which included Justices S. Abdul Nazeer, A.S. Bopanna, and V. Ramasubramanian, pronounced that the statutory procedure under Section 26(2) was not violated merely because the Centre had taken the initiative to тАЬadviseтАЭ the Central Board to consider recommending demonetisation.
  • Differing, Justice Nagarathna said the Centre could have issued a notification under Section 26(2) only if the Central Board of the RBI had initiated the proposal to demonetise a specified series of banknotes by way of a recommendation. Here, in 2016, the government had initiated the demonetisation, not the Central Board.
  • In cases in which the government initiates demonetisation, Justice Nagarathna said, it should take the opinion of the Central Board. The opinion of the Board should be тАЬindependent and frankтАЭ. If the BoardтАЩs opinion was in the negative, the Centre could still go forward with the demonetisation exercise, but only by promulgating an ordinance or by enacting parliamentary legislation.

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 3 January 2023_6.1

  • State management of temples is often justified as a way of ensuring access to temples for worshippers and archakas (priests). Regulating secular activities associated with religious practice can be traced to Article 25(2)(a) of the Constitution. Temple control legislation is purportedly justified by this Article.
  • However, the framers of the Constitution, being aware of the temple entry movement, advisedly provided a separate power under Article 25(2)(b) which empowers the state to enact laws тАЬproviding for social welfare and reform or the throwing open of Hindu religious institutionsтАЭ to тАЬall classes and sections of HindusтАЭ.
  • Hence, the issue of regulating secular aspects of religious practice is distinct from providing access to worship. This is why there are separate laws for temple control and temple entry. They co-exist; one does not depend on the other.
  • The Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments (HR&CE), 1959, is the governing law on the administration of Hindu temples and religious institutions.
  • A long line of judicial precedents, post the 42nd Amendment, emphasise that secularism means the state cannot mix with religion. Whatever brand of secularism you subscribe to, nothing justifies a state official dictating to a religious functionary how worship is to be conducted.
  • It is fashionable for supporters of temple control laws to question how temples will be handed to the communities. This begs the question of whether something illegal in its original form can become legal over time. The purpose is to involve the community, which has been excluded by the state. The objective is not to replace one bureaucracy with another. The participation of different stakeholders and the building of consensus among them will determine who will take over temples.
  • Article 25(2)(a) empowers the state to regulate тАЬeconomic, financial, political or other secular activities which may be associated with religious practiceтАЭ.
  • Article 25(2)(b) empowers the state to enact a law to prohibit the exclusion of тАШclasses and sectionsтАЩ of Hindu society to enter into Hindu temples of a public character and also make law for social welfare and reform.
  • However, these safeguards are being misused by the state to assume ownership of properties belonging to religious institutions.

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 3 January 2023_7.1

  • The Government of India is paying special attention to the development of border villages, especially from a security perspective. Union Home Minister Amit Shah said on December 29 that borders could be permanently secured only when border villages are populated by patriotic citizens who are concerned for the country.
  • Shah asked the Border Security Force (BSF) to effectively use the Vibrant Village Programme (VVP), announced by the Centre in the 2022 Budget, to promote development and communication in border villages.
  • The scheme is for funding development of тАЬborder villages with sparse population, limited connectivity and infrastructure (that) often get left out from the development gains,тАЭ Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman had said in her Budget speech in 2022.
  • One year after it was announced, there is little clarity on the details of VVP, including on the question of whether it will cover all border areas or only the northern border with China as mentioned in the Budget.
  • The government has said VVP would cover construction of village infrastructure, housing, tourist centres, road connectivity, provisioning of decentralised renewable energy, direct-to-home access for Doordarshan and educational channels, and support for livelihood generation.

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 3 January 2023_8.1

  • At the Constitution Day celebrations organised by the Supreme Court in November 2022, President Droupadi Murmu shared a snippet of her journey with the audience. She reflected on her visits to prisons across India and the circumstances of those incarcerated.
  • She highlighted that these individuals were often unaware of their fundamental rights and had been incarcerated for prolonged periods for minor offences, while their families, struggling with poverty, were unable to bail them out.
  • French philosopher Michel Foucault has extensively written about how the architecture of prisons is often used as a tool to surveil, torture, and break the souls of inmates.
  • Prisons in India are still governed by the Prisons Act, 1894, a colonial legislation which treats prisoners as sub-par citizens, and provides the legal basis for punishment to be retributive, rather than rehabilitative.
  • These laws are also highly casteist, and remain largely unchanged since they were drafted by the British. For example, some jail manuals continue to focus on purity as prescribed by the caste system, and assign work in prison based on the prisonerтАЩs caste identity.
  • The primary reason why prisons are overcrowded is because India has not done enough to truly prevent crime. Our approach to crime should be preventive, rather than reactive.

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 3 January 2023_9.1

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 3 January 2023_10.1

  • The scale of exports by India is still miniscule and about 200 times smaller than that of ChinaтАЩs.
  • Amid the COVID-19 pandemic in August 2020, Prime Minister Narendra Modi exhorted that India can become a global toy hub. In July 2021, he rued the fact that about 80% of the toys were imported, with crores of rupees going abroad, calling on people to be тАЬvocal for local toysтАЭ.
  • In July 2022, he announced that IndiaтАЩs exports of toys surged from тВ╣300-400 crore to тВ╣2,600 crore, a boost that тАЬno one could have imagined.тАЭ Beyond an increase in exports, Mr. Modi also said that imports of toys, which used to be over тВ╣3,000 crore, has fallen by 70%, signifying a drop in IndiaтАЩs reliance on foreign-made toys тАФ especially from China.
  • One of the major reasons behind the decline was the increase of Basic Customs Duty on import of toys from 20% to 60%. Also, stringent conditions were imposed on the quality of imported toys.

Q) Consider the following statements regarding Inter-state Council.

  1. The Constitution gives powers to the Parliament to set up an Inter-state Council for resolution of disputes between states.
  2. The Sarkaria Commission suggested that the Council should exist as a permanent body.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2

рдЕрдВрддрд░-рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдп рдкрд░рд┐рд╖рдж рдХреЗ рд╕рдВрдмрдВрдз рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рдореНрдирд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдХрдердиреЛрдВ рдкрд░ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХрд░реЗрдВред

  1. рд╕рдВрд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рди рд╕рдВрд╕рдж рдХреЛ рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рдмреАрдЪ рд╡рд┐рд╡рд╛рджреЛрдВ рдХреЗ рд╕рдорд╛рдзрд╛рди рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЕрдВрддрд░-рд░рд╛рдЬреНрдпреАрдп рдкрд░рд┐рд╖рдж рдЧрдард┐рдд рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХреА рд╢рдХреНрддрд┐ рджреЗрддрд╛ рд╣реИред
  2. рд╕рд░рдХрд╛рд░рд┐рдпрд╛ рдЖрдпреЛрдЧ рдиреЗ рд╕реБрдЭрд╛рд╡ рджрд┐рдпрд╛ рдХрд┐ рдкрд░рд┐рд╖рдж рдПрдХ рд╕реНрдерд╛рдпреА рдирд┐рдХрд╛рдп рдХреЗ рд░реВрдк рдореЗрдВ рдореМрдЬреВрдж рд╣реЛрдиреА рдЪрд╛рд╣рд┐рдПред

рдЙрдкрд░реЛрдХреНрдд рдХрдердиреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рдХреМрди-рд╕рд╛/рд╕реЗ рд╕рд╣реА рд╣реИ/рд╣реИрдВ?

  1. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 1
  2. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 2
  3. 1 рдФрд░ 2 рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ
  4. рди рддреЛ 1 рдФрд░ рди рд╣реА 2
  • Inter-state Council:┬аArticle 263 of the Constitution gives powers to the President to set up an Inter-state Council for resolution of disputes between states.
  • The Council is envisaged as a forum for discussion between the states and the Centre.
  • In 1988, the┬аSarkaria Commission suggested that the Council should exist as a permanent body,┬аand in 1990 it came into existence through a Presidential Order.

Q) Consider the following statements regarding Dr. R. Ambedkar.

  1. Mahaparinirvan Diwasis observed to commemorate the death anniversary of B R Ambedkar.
  2. He founded the Bahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2

рдбреЙ рдЖрд░ рдЕрдореНрдмреЗрдбрдХрд░ рдХреЗ рд╕рдВрдмрдВрдз рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рдореНрдирд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдХрдердиреЛрдВ рдкрд░ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХрд░реЗрдВред

  1. рдмреА рдЖрд░ рдЕрдореНрдмреЗрдбрдХрд░ рдХреА рдкреБрдгреНрдпрддрд┐рдерд┐ рдордирд╛рдиреЗ рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдорд╣рд╛рдкрд░рд┐рдирд┐рд░реНрд╡рд╛рдг рджрд┐рд╡рд╕ рдордирд╛рдпрд╛ рдЧрдпрд╛ред
  2. рдЙрдиреНрд╣реЛрдВрдиреЗ рдмрд╣рд┐рд╖реНрдХреГрдд рд╣рд┐рддрдХрд╛рд░рд┐рдгреА рд╕рднрд╛ рдХреА рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрдирд╛ рдХреАред

рдЙрдкрд░реЛрдХреНрдд рдХрдердиреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рдХреМрди-рд╕рд╛/рд╕реЗ рд╕рд╣реА рд╣реИ/рд╣реИрдВ?

  1. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 1
  2. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 2
  3. 1 рдФрд░ 2 рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ
  4. рди рддреЛ 1 рдФрд░ рди рд╣реА 2
  • Mahaparinirvan Diwas┬аis observed every year on┬аDecember 6┬аto commemorate the death anniversary of┬аDr.┬аB R Ambedkar.
  • He founded the┬аBahishkrit Hitkarini Sabha (1923).

Round table conferences:┬аHe participated in all three round-table conferences.

Q) Consider the following statements regarding the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India.

  1. It has the jurisdiction to issue writs under Article 32 of the Constitution.
  2. It has the original jurisdiction under Article 131 of the Constitution.

Which of the above statements is/are Incorrect?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2

рднрд╛рд░рдд рдХреЗ рд╕рд░реНрд╡реЛрдЪреНрдЪ рдиреНрдпрд╛рдпрд╛рд▓рдп рдХреЗ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рдХреЗ рд╕рдВрдмрдВрдз рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рдореНрдирд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдХрдердиреЛрдВ рдкрд░ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХрд░реЗрдВред

  1. рдЗрд╕реЗ рд╕рдВрд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рди рдХреЗ рдЕрдиреБрдЪреНрдЫреЗрдж 32 рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд рд░рд┐рдЯ рдЬрд╛рд░реА рдХрд░рдиреЗ рдХрд╛ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рд╣реИред
  2. рд╕рдВрд╡рд┐рдзрд╛рди рдХреЗ рдЕрдиреБрдЪреНрдЫреЗрдж 131 рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд рдЗрд╕рдХрд╛ рдореВрд▓ рдЕрдзрд┐рдХрд╛рд░ рдХреНрд╖реЗрддреНрд░ рд╣реИред

рдЙрдкрд░реЛрдХреНрдд рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рдХреМрди рд╕рд╛/рд╕реЗ рдХрдерди рдЧрд▓рдд рд╣реИ/рд╣реИрдВ?

  1. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 1
  2. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 2
  3. 1 рдФрд░ 2 рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ
  4. рди рддреЛ 1 рдФрд░ рди рд╣реА 2

Explanation:

  • The Supreme Court of India is regarded as the worldтАЩs most powerful top court, on account of its wide power of judicial review.
  • It has the jurisdiction to issue writs under Article 32 of the Constitution. It also has the original jurisdiction under Article 131 of the Constitution.
  • There is also wide appellate power under Articles 132, 133, 134 and 136 of the Constitution. More significantly, the Supreme Court has the power to тАЬmake such an order as is necessary for doing complete justice in any cause or matter pending before itтАЭ, as per Article 142 of the Constitution.

Q) Consider the following statements about the Central Pollution Control Board of India:

  1. It is a statutory organization under the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change.
  2. It was established under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2

рднрд╛рд░рддреАрдп рдХреЗрдВрджреНрд░реАрдп рдкреНрд░рджреВрд╖рдг рдирд┐рдпрдВрддреНрд░рдг рдмреЛрд░реНрдб рдХреЗ рдмрд╛рд░реЗ рдореЗрдВ рдирд┐рдореНрдирд▓рд┐рдЦрд┐рдд рдХрдердиреЛрдВ рдкрд░ рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░ рдХрд░реЗрдВ:

  1. рдпрд╣ рдкрд░реНрдпрд╛рд╡рд░рдг, рд╡рди рдФрд░ рдЬрд▓рд╡рд╛рдпреБ рдкрд░рд┐рд╡рд░реНрддрди рдордВрддреНрд░рд╛рд▓рдп рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд рдПрдХ рд╡реИрдзрд╛рдирд┐рдХ рд╕рдВрдЧрдарди рд╣реИред
  2. рдЗрд╕рдХреА рд╕реНрдерд╛рдкрдирд╛ рдкрд░реНрдпрд╛рд╡рд░рдг (рд╕рдВрд░рдХреНрд╖рдг) рдЕрдзрд┐рдирд┐рдпрдо, 1986 рдХреЗ рддрд╣рдд рдХреА рдЧрдИ рдереАред

рдЙрдкрд░реЛрдХреНрдд рдХрдердиреЛрдВ рдореЗрдВ рд╕реЗ рдХреМрди-рд╕рд╛/рд╕реЗ рд╕рд╣реА рд╣реИ/рд╣реИрдВ?

  1. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 1
  2. рдХреЗрд╡рд▓ 2
  3. 1 рдФрд░ 2 рджреЛрдиреЛрдВ
  4. рди рддреЛ 1 рдФрд░ рди рд╣реА 2

Explanation:

  • PCB is┬аa statutory organisation┬аwhich was constituted in September 1974 under┬аthe Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
  • It was entrusted with the powers and functions under┬аthe Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
  • It serves as a field formation and also provides technical services to the Ministry of Environment and Forests under the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986
  • Important functions:
  • to promote the cleanliness of streams and wells in different areas of the States by prevention, control and abatement of water pollution.
  • to improve the quality of air and to prevent, control or abate air pollution in the country.

Mains Practice Question:

Q) What are the present challenges before crop diversification? How do emerging technologies provide an opportunity for crop diversification? (150 words)

рдлрд╕рд▓ рд╡рд┐рд╡рд┐рдзреАрдХрд░рдг рдХреЗ рд╕рд╛рдордиреЗ рд╡рд░реНрддрдорд╛рди рдЪреБрдиреМрддрд┐рдпрд╛рдБ рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╣реИрдВ? рдЙрднрд░рддреА рдкреНрд░реМрджреНрдпреЛрдЧрд┐рдХрд┐рдпрд╛рдВ рдлрд╕рд▓ рд╡рд┐рд╡рд┐рдзреАрдХрд░рдг рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЕрд╡рд╕рд░ рдХреИрд╕реЗ рдкреНрд░рджрд╛рди рдХрд░рддреА рд╣реИрдВ? (150 рд╢рдмреНрдж)

Introduction:

  • Crop diversification refers to the addition of new crops or cropping systems to agricultural production on a particular farm taking into account the different returns in socio-economic and environmental terms. Due to diverse set of climates, soil types and cultures, India has diverse range of cropping systems.

Body:

The challenges before crop diversification:

  • Impact of Green Revolution: There has been shift towards Mono cropping of wheat and rice at cost of coarse grains (Government policy of MSP).
  • Monsoon Dependence: Around 55% of IndiaтАЩs Cultivable Land is Rain-fed with heavy dependence on monsoon.
  • Fragmented land holding: It makes it difficult to use efficient modern technology on large scale, raises cost of land boundary management, land disputes etc.
  • Shift from Food crops to Commercial Crops: This especially includes Cotton in Deccan belt; and Sugarcane in Green revolution belt and Krishna-Godavari basin.

Emerging Technologies and opportunities provided by them:

  • IT Revolution: It is helping to connect farmers directly with grocery-customers ( farm to fork model) leading to cultivation of high value perishable products (e.g Big Basket, BlinkIt startup platforms)
  • Aquaponics and Urban Farming: To meet the heavy urban demand for Persisahble items, this technique of controlled environment cultivation is helping in crop diversification.
  • Financial Inclusion and Digitization: It has helped small farmers, women SHGs to ensure crop diversification through credit supply.
  • Irrigation: PM Krishi Sinchai Yojna has ensured access to micro irrigation (Per Drop More Crop), drip irrigation, sprinklers etc.
  • Dryland Agriculture: Indo-Israel Agriculture Project has introduced technologies like Urea Deep Placement (UDP), Poly-bag Nursery farming etc in arid areas(e.g Rajasthan has seen cultivation of strawberries and olives).
  • Soil Health Management: It has helped ensuring right Fertilizer usage, developing Organic Framing, providing GIS based thematic mapping for soil.(e.g. Soil Health Card)

Mains Practice Question:

Q) Are we losing our local identity for the global identity? Discuss. (150 words)

рдХреНрдпрд╛ рд╣рдо рд╡реИрд╢реНрд╡рд┐рдХ рдкрд╣рдЪрд╛рди рдХреЗ рд▓рд┐рдП рдЕрдкрдиреА рд╕реНрдерд╛рдиреАрдп рдкрд╣рдЪрд╛рди рдЦреЛ рд░рд╣реЗ рд╣реИрдВ? рд╡рд┐рдЪрд╛рд░-рд╡рд┐рдорд░реНрд╢ рдХрд░рдирд╛ред (150 рд╢рдмреНрдж)

 

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