The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 15 May 2023

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis for UPSC

The Hindu Newspaper Analysis 12 May 2023

• The Supreme Court has held that orders of courts in bail cases should neither be too long and elaborate nor come too late as both violate the constitutional mandate of personal liberty.
• A Bench of Justices B.R. Gavai and Sanjay Karol said judges, while rejecting or granting bail to accused persons, should not slip into extensive deliberations on the merits of the case or evidence involved. Such “long” debates at the stage of bail may prejudice the case itself for the accused.
• Again, once a case for bail is reserved for orders, the pronouncement of the decision should not take too long. Every day of waiting is a dent on the personal liberty of an undertrial.

Legal position of bail

• Article 21 of Indian Constitution
• Article 21 of the Constitution of India guarantees the protection of life and personal liberty to all persons.
• It guarantees the fundamental right to live with human dignity and personal liberty, which in turn gives us the right to ask for bail when arrested by any law enforcement authority.
• Section 438 of Code of Criminal Procedure in 1973
• The provision of anticipatory bail under Section 438 was introduced in the Code of Criminal Procedure in 1973.
• The term ‘Bail’ has not been defined under the Criminal Procedure Code, 1973.
• Only the term ‘Bailable Offence’ and ‘Non-Bailable Offence’ has been defined under Section 2(a).
• It is based on the recommendation of the Law Commission of India, which in its 41st report recommended the incorporation of a provision of anticipatory bail.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights under Article 11

• The Bail provision, especially anticipatory bail, is based on the legal principle of presumption of innocence which means that every person accused of any crime is considered innocent until proven guilty.
• This is a fundamental principle mentioned in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights under Article 11.

• In India, attempts at prohibition have been influenced by the thinking of Mahatma Gandhi, who viewed alcohol consumption more as a disease than a vice.
• Following India’s independence, Gandhians continued to push for a liquor ban.
• These efforts led to the inclusion of Article 47 in the Constitution.
• According to the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution, alcohol is a state subject, i.e., state legislatures have the right and responsibility to draft laws regarding it, including “the production, manufacture, possession, transport, purchase and sale of intoxicating liquors.”
• Currently, there are five states (Bihar, Gujarat, Lakshadweep, Nagaland, and Mizoram) with total prohibition and some more with partial prohibition.

• In November 2019, India walked out frhttps://www.mediafire.com/file/fyd59tnpl1pppbm/3.pngom the trade pact called the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) involving China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand and the 10-state Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) grouping.
• Fast forward to 2023, and now India along with many of the same countries, but with China replaced by the United States, is getting into the U.S.-driven Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF).
• The one clear difference is of China versus the U.S. Developing a strategic partnership with the U.S. is India’s top foreign policy priority.
• But the economic issues with the U.S. have been no less problematic, e.g. about agriculture, intellectual property, labour and environment standards, and the digital economy. Strategic partnership should not mean accepting a completely U.S. self-interest-driven economic framework that does not suit India’s current economic interests.
• The IPEF has four pillars: trade, supply chains, clean economy, and fair economy. Fearful of a possible trap, India has joined the other three pillars but not trade. But there is great pressure on it to join trade too, and India could relent.
• Joining the trade pillar is the worst, but the other pillars too contribute to developing hard new economic architectures and structures that are not tariff-based.

What is IPEF?

• It is a US-led initiative that aims to strengthen economic partnership among participating countries to enhance resilience, sustainability, inclusiveness, economic growth, fairness, and competitiveness in the Indo-Pacific region.
• The IPEF was launched in 2021 with a dozen initial partners who together represent 40% of the world GDP.
• Currently, India and 13 countries located in the Pacific Ocean are its members,
• Australia, Brunei, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, United States, and Vietnam.

• The reading for retail inflation braked sharply last month to an 18-month low of 4.7%, aided in no small measure by the fact that price gains had hit an eight-year high of 7.8% in April 2022.
• Policymakers cannot afford to drop their guard on inflation.

About MPC:

• The Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 was amended by Finance Act (India), 2016 to constitute MPC.
• It is tasked with framing monetary policy using tools like the repo rate, reverse repo rate, bank rate, cash reserve ratio (CRR).
• It has been instituted by the Central Government of India under Section 45ZB of the RBI Act that was amended in 1934.
• Composition of MPC:
• The committee will have six members. Of the six members, the government will nominate three. No government official will be nominated to the MPC.
• The other three members would be from the RBI with the governor being the ex-officio chairperson. Deputy governor of RBI in charge of the monetary policy will be a member, as also an executive director of the central bank.

• The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) has declared 2023 to be the ‘International Year of Millets’, giving these crops a shot in the arm even as countries worldwide are looking to them for their ability to grow in environmental conditions that the climate crisis is rendering more common.
• Millets are fundamentally grasses. They are cultivated worldwide, but especially in the tropical parts of Africa and Asia, as cereal crops.
• According to the Agricultural and Processed Foods Development Authority, India is the world’s largest producer of millets.
• Millets have two broad features that render them attractive — their nutritional value being comparable to that of major extant food crops (and better on some counts) and their ability to reliably withstand harsh, resource-poor conditions.
• At least two persons have died of the H3N2 subtype of seasonal influenza, which has infected rising numbers of people since mid-December last year, the Health Ministry has confirmed. After a nationwide surveillance exercise, the Ministry said it had found at least 451 confirmed cases of H3N2 virus since the beginning of this year.
• H3N2 patients display symptoms similar to COVID-19: fever, cough, breathlessness, wheezing and pneumonia. The Health Ministry has advised social distancing and mask wearing to prevent the spread of the virus.
• “Young children and old age persons with co-morbidities are the most vulnerable,” the Ministry’s statement said.

Q) Consider the following statements regarding Deep Ocean Mission:

1. It aims to develop technologies to harness living and non-living resources from the deep oceans.
2. The Ministry of Science and Technology is the nodal Ministry implementing this Mission.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

डीप ओशन मिशन के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

1. इसका उद्देश्य गहरे महासागरों से जीवित और निर्जीव संसाधनों का दोहन करने के लिए प्रौद्योगिकियों का विकास करना है।
2. विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी मंत्रालय इस मिशन को लागू करने वाला नोडल मंत्रालय है।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

About Deep Ocean Mission:

• It is a mission-mode project to support the Blue Economy Initiatives of the Government of India.
• It is a high-level multi-ministerial, multi-disciplinary programme for a better understanding of the deep sea living and non-living resources of the Indian Ocean.
• It will aid in India’s efforts to attain the Blue Economy status.
• It aims to develop technologies to harness living and non-living resources from the deep oceans.
• The Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) will be the nodal Ministry implementing this multi-institutional Mission.
• The estimated cost of the Mission will be Rs. 4077 crores for a period of 5 years (2021-26) to be implemented in a phase-wise manner.
• The Mission consists of six major components:
• Development of Technologies for Deep Sea Mining and Manned Submersible and Underwater Robotics;
• Development of Ocean Climate Change Advisory Services;
• Technological innovations for exploration and conservation of deep-sea biodiversity;
• Deep Ocean Survey and Exploration;
• Energy and freshwater from the Ocean;
• Advanced Marine Station for Ocean Biology;

Q) Consider the following statements regarding Viswa Bharati University:

1. It was established by Nobel Prize Laureate Rabindranath Tagore.
2. Its first vice-chancellor was Rabindranath Tagore.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

विश्व भारती विश्वविद्यालय के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें:

1. इसकी स्थापना नोबेल पुरस्कार विजेता रवींद्रनाथ टैगोर ने की थी।
2. इसके पहले कुलपति रवीन्द्रनाथ टैगोर थे।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

About Viswa Bharati University:

• It is one of India’s major Central Government funded autonomous University located in Santiniketan, West Bengal.
• It is well-known as a distinguished centre for Visual Arts practice and research in India.
• The University was established in 1921 by Nobel Prize Laureate Rabindranath Tagore.
• It was named after Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore until the Visva-Bharati Society was registered as an organisation in May 1922.
• The institution was given the status of a Central University in 1951 through a central Act.
• Its first vice-chancellor was Rathindranath Tagore, the son of Rabindranath Tagore, and the second vice-chancellor was the grandfather of another Nobel Laureate economist Amartya Sen.
• The President of India appoints the Vice-chancellor of the University.
• Visva Bharati University is renowned for its cultural festivals called Poush Mela and the Basanta Utsab, which attract a number of artisans from all across the country.

Q) Chheligada Irrigation Project, recently seen in the news, is located in which one of the following states?

1. Chhattisgarh
2. Odisha
3. Gujarat
4. West Bengal

हाल ही में समाचारों में रही छेलीगाड़ा सिंचाई परियोजना, निम्नलिखित में से किस राज्य में स्थित है?

1. छत्तीसगढ़
2. ओडिशा
3. गुजरात
4. पश्चिम बंगाल

About Chheligada Irrigation Project:

• It is a multipurpose medium project being undertaken across river Badjhore, a tributary of river Vansadhara near the village Chheligada in the Gajapati District of Odisha.
• The Project envisages the construction of a 250m long & 30m high dam across the river Badjhore with a central spillway.
• After this Project, 5201 hectares metres water can be preserved and water can be supplied for irrigation of 5760 hectares of land in Ganjam and 500 hectares of land in Gajapati districts.
• This Project will also provide drinking water to Brahampur City.
• Additionally, 36 MW of electricity can be produced through a mini hydel project in three places Shiali Loti, Kankata and Dekili in the Gajapati district.
• The salient features of the Project are:
• 90m long centrally located Ogee-type gated Spillway;
• 13 km long tunnel to connect Chheligada reservoir with Ghodahada river;
• Canal system directly from the dam to irrigate in the Gajapati district;
• Laying of the pipeline for drinking water supply to Berhampur (Distt. Ganjam);

Q) With reference to the National Technology Day, consider the following statements:

1. The Technology Development Board (TDB) a statutory body of the Department of Science & Technology (DST) celebrates May 11 every year as National Technology Day.
2. On May 11, 1998, India successfully carried out nuclear tests at Pokhran.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

1. 1 only
2. 2 only
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

राष्ट्रीय प्रौद्योगिकी दिवस के संदर्भ में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिये:

1. प्रौद्योगिकी विकास बोर्ड (टीडीबी) विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी विभाग (डीएसटी) का एक वैधानिक निकाय है, जो हर साल 11 मई को राष्ट्रीय प्रौद्योगिकी दिवस के रूप में मनाता है।
2. 11 मई 1998 को भारत ने पोखरण में सफलतापूर्वक परमाणु परीक्षण किया।

उपरोक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं?

1. केवल 1
2. केवल 2
3. 1 और 2 दोनों
4. न तो 1 और न ही 2

Explanation :

Prime Minister Narendra Modi will lay the foundation stone and dedicate to the nation multiple scientific projects worth over five thousand eight hundred crore rupees on the occasion of National Technology Day in New Delhi.

• The Technology Development Board (TDB) a statutory body of the Department of Science & Technology (DST) celebrates May 11 every year as National Technology Day to commemorate achievements of innovations and technological excellence in the country.
• The day has a historical perspective:
  • On May 11, 1998, India successfully carried out nuclear tests at Pokhran.
  • The first indigenous aircraft “Hansa-3” was test flown at Bangalore on this day; and
  • India also performed successful test firing of the Trishul missile on the same day.
• Since 1999, the day is being celebrated as National Technology Day.

Q) The Gaza Strip or simply Gaza, is a Palestinian enclave on the eastern coast of the:

1. Mediterranean Sea
2. Red Sea
3. Yellow Sea
4. Arabian Sea

गाजा पट्टी या बस गाजा, के पूर्वी तट पर एक फिलिस्तीनी परिक्षेत्र है:

1. भूमध्य सागर
2. लाल सागर
3. पीला सागर
4. अरब सागर

• The Gaza Strip or simply Gaza, is a Palestinian enclave on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea.
• It borders Egypt on the southwest for 11 kilometers (6.8 mi) and Israel on the east and north along a 51 km (32 mi) border.
• The Gaza Strip and the West Bank are claimed by the de jure sovereign State of Palestine.
• The territories of Gaza and the West Bank are separated from each other by Israeli territory.
• Both fell under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority, but the Strip has, since the Battle of Gaza in June 2007, been governed by Hamas, a militant, Palestinian, fundamentalist Islamic organization, which came to power in the last-held elections in 2006.
• It has been placed under an Israeli and US-led international economic and political boycott from that time onwards.

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