indian polity

Right To Information Act, Objective, Features and Key Sections

Context: Recent amendments in the RTI Act via the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023, have raised concerns over potential dilution of transparency by restricting access to certain personal information. The Right to Information (RTI) Act ensures everyone the...

Indian Councils Act 1861, History, Provision, Significance and Drawbacks

The Indian Councils Act 1861 was an important change in the system of governance in British India, setting the stage for constitutional reforms in the future. Passed on August 1, 1861, this act reconstituted the Governor General's Council and provided...

9th Schedule of Indian Constitution: History, Significance, and Current Relevance

The Ninth Schedule of the Indian Constitution is a constitutional mechanism used to protect certain laws from judicial review, even if they violate Fundamental Rights. Originally introduced to safeguard land reform laws, the Ninth Schedule has now become central to...

Mechanisms to Combat Judicial Corruption in India

Context: Judicial corruption undermines public trust and weakens the foundation of the rule of law. India has put in place several formal and informal mechanisms to uphold judicial integrity and accountability. However, the effectiveness of these mechanisms remains a subject...

Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (RGCCI)

Context: RGCCI has issued a caution to private and government hospitals regarding non-reporting of birth and death events. Presently only 90% of birth/death events are registered across India. (Target - 100%). Due to delays in conducting the census, civil registration...

Governor’s Assent to State Laws and Bills, Categories and Constitutional Provisions

Context: The Supreme Court has delivered a strong judgment against Tamil Nadu Governor R.N. Ravi for inaction on 10 Bills passed by the Tamil Nadu State Legislature. Key points of the Supreme Court Judgment on Governor's Assent to State Laws...

Strengthening Enforcement of Judicial Orders

Context: Despite clear judicial rulings, enforcement remains lax. More in News NGT’s order on banning air horns in Jaipur between 10 p.m. and 6 a.m., has remained unimplemented even after two years, causing continued public distress. Reasons Behind Ineffective Judicial...

Gradual Transformation of the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA)

Context: The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has seen various gradual transformations over the years. Background Of The Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) Focus on Hotspots Only For decades, violence in Kashmir, insurgency in the Northeast, and Naxalite movements in...

Article 311 of Indian Constitution

Context: In a recent judgement the SC bench has clarified that Article 311(1) does not mandate appointing authority’s approval to initiate disciplinary proceedings against a state employee. For dismissal, the appointing authority’s approval will be required. Article 311 of Indian...

Protection and Enforcement of Interests in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025

Context: Recently the Rajya Sabha passed ‘The Protection of Interests in Aircraft Objects Bill, 2025’, which seeks to turn into law the provisions of the Cape Town Convention and Protocol. Key Provisions of the Protection and Enforcement of Interests in...