Caracal: The Rare Wild Cat

Caracal, Distribution, Habitat, Features, IUCN Status

Caracal, a rare wild cat found in parts of India, Africa, and the Middle East, is known for its agile hunting skills, tufted ears, and elusive nature.

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Context: Recently Rajasthan’s Forest Minister shared the first photographic record of a caracal in Mukundra Hills Tiger Reserve (MHTR).

About Caracals: The Rare Wild Cat

Caracals are medium-sized wild cats native to Africa, the Middle East, Central Asia, and South Asia.
They are primarily nocturnal and known for their distinct, pointed black ears.
Its name is derived from the Turkish word ‘karakulak’, meaning black ears.
Caracals are mentioned in medieval Indian texts like: Khamsa-e-Nizami, Shahnameh & Tutinama.
- They were used by Indian royalty for hunting birds.

Conservation Status

WPA – Schedule I.
IUCN – Least Concern.
It is listed in the Critically Endangered category by the National Board for Wildlife in India.

Sharp Population Decline

Historically caracals were found in 13 Indian states.
By 2000 → Population reduced by 50%.
From 2001 to 2020 → Further 95% decline.
Now restricted to an area of 16,709 sq km (less than 5% of its historical range).
Currently, only 50 caracals remain in India, found in only 2 states- Rajasthan and Gujarat.

Threats to Caracals

Loss of habitat due to urbanization and infrastructure development.
Reduced prey availability (small ungulates, rodents, birds).
Encroachment into natural habitats, particularly the Chambal ravines, which are classified as wastelands instead of ecologically significant areas.
Illegal wildlife trade: Caracals have been captured and sold as exotic pets.