Hinduism, over time, had degenerated, with rigid caste rules and blind superstition taking center stage. In response, reform movements emerged. The Bhakti movement, advocating devotion to one God, sought to purify and revitalize Hinduism. While initially, these efforts did not garner much attention, the rise of Islam in India brought greater urgency to reform. The …
Sufi Movement in Punjab The Sufi movement emerged as a significant socio-religious movement between the 14th and 16th centuries. Rooted in Islamic mysticism, it was influenced by Vedantic philosophy, Buddhism, Christianity, and Jainism. The Sufis, who were unorthodox Muslim saints, sought a deeper spiritual connection with God, emphasizing love and devotion rather than rigid religious …
Credit Guarantee Scheme for MSME’s The government has approved the Mutual Credit Guarantee Scheme for MSMEs (MCGS-MSME), announced in the FY25 Budget, two days before the presentation of the Union Budget 2025-26. The scheme aims to facilitate collateral-free loans for Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) by providing credit guarantee coverage for loans up to …
The Mughal dynasty, derived from the Persian word Mughul meaning Mongol, was a Muslim dynasty of Turkic-Mongol origin that ruled most of northern India from the early 16th to the mid-18th century. It was renowned for its strong governance and administrative efficiency, which enabled it to maintain control over a vast expanse of India. The …
Continue reading “The Mughal Dynasty in Punjab (1526-1707 CE)”
Delhi Sultanate The period between 1206 and 1526 is known as the Delhi Sultanate, marking the establishment of Islamic rule in India. The rulers of this era adopted the title of Sultan, a term signifying a powerful ruler under the Caliphate. Over a span of more than three centuries, five different dynasties ruled Delhi: Mamluk …
Ghaznavid Empire (10th AD – 12th AD) The Ghaznavid Empire emerged in the late 10th century AD, marking the culmination of a shift in military power that had begun under the Samanid amirate. Initially, the Samanids relied on the Iranian landed elite, known as the dihqans, but over time, Turkish slave soldiers became the dominant …
Continue reading “Ghaznavid Empire in Punjab (10th AD – 12th AD)”
Hindu Shahis (9th AD – 11th AD) The Hindu Shahi dynasty ruled over Kabul and the ancient province of Gandhara from the decline of the Kushan Empire in the 3rd century until the 9th century. Initially known as the Kabul Shahi dynasty when they governed Kabul, they later moved their capital to Hund, after which …
Continue reading “Hindu Shahis in Punjab (9th AD – 11th AD)”
Taank Kingdom (6th AD – 8th AD) Feature Details Period 6th AD – 8th AD Geographical Location Covered parts of northern Punjab, including present-day Pakistan and India Capital Sialkot Mention in Historical Records Hiuen-Tsang (Xuanzang) (631-643 AD) referred to it as “Tekka” Chach Nama called it “Tak” Sulaiman (before 851 AD) recorded it as “Táfak” …
Continue reading “Taank Kingdom in Punjab (6th AD – 8th AD)”
Punjab’s vast Indo-Gangetic alluvial plain is a rich repository of groundwater resources. However, in the southwestern parts of the state, the thickness of freshwater aquifers is significantly lower than in other areas, with depths of fresh water-bearing aquifers in some places being less than 10 meters. Water Resources of Punjab The perennial rivers of Punjab, …
Continue reading “Water Resources of Punjab and Canal Network in Punjab”
Currently, the rivers Sutlej, Beas, and Ravi are the only three rivers flowing through the Indian state of Punjab. Notably, significant sections of the Ravi and Sutlej rivers serve as the international boundary between India and Pakistan. The other two rivers, Chenab and Jhelum, flow through Punjab in Pakistan. Eventually, all five rivers converge into …
Continue reading “Drainage of Punjab and Seasonal Rivers of Punjab”
WhatsApp
