Intersectionality of Gender and Caste in Women’s Participation in Labour Force

Context: Women’s participation in India’s workforce (LFP) has sharply declined in recent decades, mirroring a general trend.

Challenges of Female Labour Force Participation (LFP)

• Limited Opportunity: Rigidities in both manufacturing and service sectors limit formal employment opportunities, pushing women towards the informal sector (90% of workforce).
• Gender bias and caste discrimination further disadvantage women, confining them to lower-rung jobs in agriculture and informal sectors.
• Education: Lower caste women have Limited education that restricts them to informal jobs due to lack of qualifications.
• Societal Expectations: Societal belief prioritises female domestic roles over careers, discouraging workforce participation.
• Practical Barriers:
  • Legal: Restrictions on women’s working hours (e.g., night shifts) limit job options.
  • Economic: Challenges in finding suitable jobs pose additional hurdles.

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