Current affairs

Prisons in India 2025 Report: Alarming Overcrowding, Undertrial Surge, and Calls for Radical Reforms

India's prisons in 2025 are overwhelmed, with facilities bursting at the seams and a staggering majority of inmates—76%—awaiting trial without conviction. This crisis isn't just about numbers; it's a humanitarian emergency straining human rights, healthcare, and the very fabric of...

Charles Darwin’s On the Origin of Species in 2025: Complete Summary

Exactly 166 years ago—on 24 November 1859—Charles Darwin published the book that forever changed biology. As The Indian Express rightly headlined this week (25 Nov 2025): “How Darwin’s Origin of Species laid basis for modern evolutionary theory” The article reminds...

Hayli Gubbi Volcano Eruption 2025: Ethiopia’s Dormant Giant Awakens After 12,000 Years

The November 2025 eruption of Hayli Gubbi volcano in Ethiopia has emerged as one of the most significant geographical and environmental events of the year. A volcano dormant for over 12,000 years suddenly erupted on 23 November 2025, producing ash...

Meerut Bugle Gets GI Tag 2025: The 150-Year-Old Military Craft That Defeated Cheap Imports

 In a historic moment for Indian handicrafts and military heritage, the iconic Meerut Bugle has been awarded the prestigious Geographical Indication (GI) tag – becoming the first musical instrument linked to India’s armed forces to receive this recognition. This is...

Reforming State Public Service Commissions in India

The credibility crisis of State Public Service Commissions (State PSCs) has reached a tipping point in 2025. Paper leaks in Bihar, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, multi-year delays in results, endless litigation, and allegations of political favouritism have made...

Digital Divide Across Caste and Class in India

India is the world’s fastest-growing digital economy. By 2025, the country has over 900 million internet users, 1.2 billion mobile phone connections, and produces the third-largest number of tech startups globally. Yet behind these headline numbers lies a stark and...

Central Industrial Security Force (CISF): History, Structure, Roles

The Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) stands as a cornerstone of India's internal security framework, safeguarding critical infrastructure from industrial hubs to international airports and now seaports. As a premier Central Armed Police Force (CAPF) under the Ministry of Home...

African Grey Parrot: Scientific Name, Habitat, Features, Conservation Status

The African Grey Parrot (Psittacus erithacus) is widely regarded as one of the most intelligent and talented talking birds in the world. Famous for their exceptional ability to mimic human speech and sounds, these medium-sized grey parrots have been popular...

Mount Semeru Eruption 2025: Indonesia’s Highest Volcano Roars Again

Mount Semeru, Indonesia’s tallest and most active volcano, erupted spectacularly in November 2025, sending towering ash clouds, scorching pyroclastic flows, and rivers of hot gas racing down its slopes in East Java. As of November 24, 2025, the volcano remains...

Indira Gandhi Peace Prize 2025: Michelle Bachelet Awarded Prestigious Honour

The Indira Gandhi Prize for Peace, Disarmament and Development 2024 has been conferred upon former President of Chile, Michelle Bachelet, recognizing her extraordinary contributions to democracy, human rights, gender equality, and global peace. Announced in November 2025, this prestigious award...