Daily Quiz 10 September 2025
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements regarding Majorana particles:
- They were first proposed in the context of condensed matter physics.
- They are fermions that are their own antiparticles.
- Majorana zero modes, useful for quantum computing, are often found in superconducting nanowires.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is not correct: Majorana particles were first proposed by Ettore Majorana (1937) in high-energy particle physics, not condensed matter. Their possible condensed matter realizations (Majorana modes) came much later.
- Statement 2 is correct: Majorana fermions are unique because they are their own antiparticles, unlike electrons (positron) or protons (antiproton).
Statement 3 is correct: In solid-state systems, certain quasiparticles in superconducting nanowires near absolute zero behave like Majorana fermions (Majorana zero modes). These modes are topologically protected and promising for fault-tolerant quantum computing.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is not correct: Majorana particles were first proposed by Ettore Majorana (1937) in high-energy particle physics, not condensed matter. Their possible condensed matter realizations (Majorana modes) came much later.
- Statement 2 is correct: Majorana fermions are unique because they are their own antiparticles, unlike electrons (positron) or protons (antiproton).
Statement 3 is correct: In solid-state systems, certain quasiparticles in superconducting nanowires near absolute zero behave like Majorana fermions (Majorana zero modes). These modes are topologically protected and promising for fault-tolerant quantum computing.
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Question 2 of 5
2. Question
1 pointsWith reference to the recently approved incentive scheme for critical mineral recycling, consider the following provisions:
- The scheme provides both capital subsidy and operating expense (Opex) subsidy.
- Incentives are capped at ₹25 crore for large entities and ₹50 crore for small entities.
- One-third of the total financial outlay has been earmarked for small/new entities, including start-ups.
Which of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister approved a Rs.1,500 crore Incentive Scheme to develop recycling capacity in the country for the separation and production of critical minerals from secondary sources. This scheme is part of the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM), which is aimed at building the domestic capacity of and supply chain resilience in critical minerals. The critical mineral value chain comprising exploration, auction and mine operationalization, and acquisition of foreign assets, has a gestation period before they could supply critical minerals to Indian industry. A prudent way to ensure supply chain sustainability in the near term is through the recycling of secondary sources.
- Statement 1 is correct: The scheme provides a 20% Capex subsidy for plant & machinery + Opex subsidy (40% in Year 2, 60% in Year 5). Thus, both types of subsidies are available.
- Statement 2 is not correct: The actual ceilings are ₹50 crore for large and ₹25 crore for small entities. The statement reverses them → incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct: To encourage innovation, one-third of ₹1,500 crore outlay is reserved for small entities/startups.
Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Union Cabinet chaired by the Prime Minister approved a Rs.1,500 crore Incentive Scheme to develop recycling capacity in the country for the separation and production of critical minerals from secondary sources. This scheme is part of the National Critical Mineral Mission (NCMM), which is aimed at building the domestic capacity of and supply chain resilience in critical minerals. The critical mineral value chain comprising exploration, auction and mine operationalization, and acquisition of foreign assets, has a gestation period before they could supply critical minerals to Indian industry. A prudent way to ensure supply chain sustainability in the near term is through the recycling of secondary sources.
- Statement 1 is correct: The scheme provides a 20% Capex subsidy for plant & machinery + Opex subsidy (40% in Year 2, 60% in Year 5). Thus, both types of subsidies are available.
- Statement 2 is not correct: The actual ceilings are ₹50 crore for large and ₹25 crore for small entities. The statement reverses them → incorrect.
Statement 3 is correct: To encourage innovation, one-third of ₹1,500 crore outlay is reserved for small entities/startups.
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Question 3 of 5
3. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following provisions are part of the Environment Audit Rules, 2025?
- Environment auditors must be certified and registered through the Environment Audit Designate Agency (EADA).
- Allocation of auditors to projects will be done through a random assignment system.
- The Rules abolish the role of CPCB and SPCBs in environmental compliance checks.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change notifies Environment Audit Rules, 2025. These rules create a formal framework for environmental auditing across the country aimed at enhancing environmental compliance monitoring & ease of doing business across India.
- Statement 1 is correct: The Rules designate an Environment Audit Designate Agency (EADA) to certify, register, and monitor auditors. Only Registered Environment Auditors (REAs) can undertake audits.
- Statement 2 is correct: Allocation of REAs is done via random assignment system to prevent conflict of interest and ensure neutrality.
Statement 3 is not correct: CPCB/SPCBs still function in Tier-1 compliance reviews and continue inspections, alongside REAs under Tier-2 auditing. So, their role is not abolished.
Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change notifies Environment Audit Rules, 2025. These rules create a formal framework for environmental auditing across the country aimed at enhancing environmental compliance monitoring & ease of doing business across India.
- Statement 1 is correct: The Rules designate an Environment Audit Designate Agency (EADA) to certify, register, and monitor auditors. Only Registered Environment Auditors (REAs) can undertake audits.
- Statement 2 is correct: Allocation of REAs is done via random assignment system to prevent conflict of interest and ensure neutrality.
Statement 3 is not correct: CPCB/SPCBs still function in Tier-1 compliance reviews and continue inspections, alongside REAs under Tier-2 auditing. So, their role is not abolished.
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Question 4 of 5
4. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements:
Statement I: Japan has emerged as a crucial partner in India’s infrastructure development and supply chain resilience.
Statement II: Japanese Official Development Assistance (ODA) has supported mega projects such as Dedicated Freight Corridors, Industrial Corridors, and Northeast connectivity projects.
Statement III: Japan has pledged JPY 10 trillion (~USD 68 bn) investment in India over the next decade, doubling its earlier commitment.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Correct
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
- Statement I is correct: Japan is not only a top investor in India but also a strategic partner in building resilient supply chains, digital economy, and infrastructure.
- Statement II is correct: Japan’s ODA (the highest to any country) has funded Dedicated Freight Corridors, Metro projects, Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor, and Northeast India infrastructure, proving Japan’s central role in India’s economic modernization.
- Statement III is correct: During PM Modi’s 2025 Japan visit, Tokyo pledged JPY 10 trillion (~USD 68 bn) investment in India over 10 years — double the 2014 pledge of JPY 5 trillion. This demonstrates Japan’s long-term commitment to India’s growth.
- Statement II explains I by showing how Japan contributes to infrastructure development.
- Statement III explains I by showing how Japan strengthens supply chain resilience and investment flows.
Thus, both II & III justify I from different angles, making option (a) correct.
Incorrect
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
- Statement I is correct: Japan is not only a top investor in India but also a strategic partner in building resilient supply chains, digital economy, and infrastructure.
- Statement II is correct: Japan’s ODA (the highest to any country) has funded Dedicated Freight Corridors, Metro projects, Delhi–Mumbai Industrial Corridor, and Northeast India infrastructure, proving Japan’s central role in India’s economic modernization.
- Statement III is correct: During PM Modi’s 2025 Japan visit, Tokyo pledged JPY 10 trillion (~USD 68 bn) investment in India over 10 years — double the 2014 pledge of JPY 5 trillion. This demonstrates Japan’s long-term commitment to India’s growth.
- Statement II explains I by showing how Japan contributes to infrastructure development.
- Statement III explains I by showing how Japan strengthens supply chain resilience and investment flows.
Thus, both II & III justify I from different angles, making option (a) correct.
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Question 5 of 5
5. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements with respect to the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA):
- It allowed Iran to enrich uranium up to 20%, subject to IAEA safeguards.
- It was signed between Iran and P5+1 countries.
- The US unilaterally withdrew from the deal in 2018.
- The “snapback mechanism” allows reimposition of UN sanctions without veto.
How many of the statements given above are correct?
Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), or the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, was an agreement between Iran, the P5+1 (China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States), and the European Union to restrict Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for the lifting of international sanctions. Under the deal, Iran agreed to limit its uranium enrichment and reduce its nuclear activities, with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) providing verification to ensure compliance. The United States, however, withdrew from the agreement in 2018 under President Donald Trump, leading Iran to gradually increase its nuclear activities in response to the reimposition of sanctions. In 2025, E3 (France, UK, Germany) triggered snapback, accusing Iran of violating JCPOA.
- Statement 1 – Incorrect: Iran was restricted to enrich uranium only up to 3.67%, far below weapons-grade (~90%).
- Statement 2 – Correct: Parties = Iran + P5 (US, UK, France, Russia, China) + Germany (+1) → signed in 2015.
- Statement 3 – Correct: In 2018, Trump withdrew US and reinstated unilateral sanctions, weakening the deal.
Statement 4 – Correct: The snapback mechanism lets sanctions be reimposed automatically within 30 days, bypassing vetoes by China/Russia.
Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), or the 2015 Iran nuclear deal, was an agreement between Iran, the P5+1 (China, France, Germany, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States), and the European Union to restrict Iran’s nuclear program in exchange for the lifting of international sanctions. Under the deal, Iran agreed to limit its uranium enrichment and reduce its nuclear activities, with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) providing verification to ensure compliance. The United States, however, withdrew from the agreement in 2018 under President Donald Trump, leading Iran to gradually increase its nuclear activities in response to the reimposition of sanctions. In 2025, E3 (France, UK, Germany) triggered snapback, accusing Iran of violating JCPOA.
- Statement 1 – Incorrect: Iran was restricted to enrich uranium only up to 3.67%, far below weapons-grade (~90%).
- Statement 2 – Correct: Parties = Iran + P5 (US, UK, France, Russia, China) + Germany (+1) → signed in 2015.
- Statement 3 – Correct: In 2018, Trump withdrew US and reinstated unilateral sanctions, weakening the deal.
Statement 4 – Correct: The snapback mechanism lets sanctions be reimposed automatically within 30 days, bypassing vetoes by China/Russia.
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Daily Quiz 08 September 2025
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