‘Aerial metagenomics’ best refers to which one of the following situations? ( UPSC CSE 2023)

‘Aerial metagenomics’ best refers to which one of the following situations? ( UPSC CSE 2023)

1. Collecting DNA samples from air in a habitat at one go 
2. Understanding the genetic makeup of avian species of a habitat 
3. Using air-borne devices to collect blood samples from moving animals 
4. Sending drones to inaccessible areas to collect plant and animal samples from land surfaces and water bodies

Answer: A

Explanation: 

• Option (a) is correct: Aerial metagenomics refers to the study of genetic material (DNA) collected directly from the air in a particular environment. Air contains biological particles such as pollen, fungal spores, bacteria, viruses, and microscopic fragments of plants and animals. By sampling air and analyzing the mixed DNA present, scientists can identify and assess the biodiversity of an area without directly capturing organisms.

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