Prussian Blue Capsules: A Critical Medicine for Radiation Exposure

In the wake of growing concerns over nuclear safety and radiological exposure, Prussian Blue Capsules have emerged as one of the most critical medical countermeasures against radioactive contamination, especially involving Cesium-137 and Thallium.

Recently, India gifted Prussian Blue Capsules to Indonesia to support its Cesium-137 contamination response, showcasing India’s commitment to humanitarian and nuclear safety cooperation in the Indo-Pacific region.

What Are Prussian Blue Capsules?

Prussian Blue is a dark blue pigment that has found an important use in medicine as a radiation antidote. The capsule form is used to treat internal contamination from radioactive Cesium (Cs-137) and Thallium exposure.

Scientific Name:

Ferric hexacyanoferrate (Fe₇(CN)₁₈·xH₂O)

Developed by:

Prussian Blue was first synthesized in the early 18th century as a pigment, but later recognized for its ion-exchange properties, making it effective in trapping radioactive materials inside the body.

How Prussian Blue Works

When radioactive substances like Cesium-137 enter the human body through ingestion or inhalation, they get absorbed and distributed into soft tissues.
Prussian Blue Capsules work by:

1. Binding radioactive cesium and thallium inside the intestines.

2. Preventing absorption into the bloodstream.

3. Accelerating excretion through feces.

Essentially, it acts as a “chemical sponge” that captures radioactive ions and removes them safely from the body.

Uses of Prussian Blue Capsules

Cesium-137: The Key Threat

Cesium-137 (Cs-137) is a radioactive isotope produced as a by-product of nuclear fission in reactors and atomic explosions.

Quick Facts:

• Half-life: ~30 years

• Emits: Beta and gamma radiation

• Hazards:

  • Long-term contamination of soil, water, and crops.

  • Radiation sickness and cancer risk upon exposure.

• Past Incidents:

  • Chernobyl (1986)

  • Fukushima (2011)

  • Goiania Accident, Brazil (1987) – one of the worst Cesium-137 contamination cases globally.

Hence, stockpiling Prussian Blue Capsules is vital for nuclear emergency preparedness worldwide.

India–Indonesia Cooperation: A Case Study

In October 2025, India gifted Prussian Blue Capsules to Indonesia to help combat potential Cesium-137 contamination.

• Requested by: Ministry of Health, Indonesia.

• Delivered by: Embassy of India, Jakarta.

• Handover: Indian Ambassador Sandeep Chakravorty handed the capsules to Indonesian authorities.

The initiative reinforces India’s leadership in nuclear medicine, disaster management, and regional health security.
It also highlights India’s role as a trusted partner in humanitarian and scientific collaboration.

Global Recognition and Approval

Prussian Blue is officially recognized by:

• World Health Organization (WHO)

• U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

It is listed as an essential radiological countermeasure and part of emergency medicine stockpiles across major nuclear nations.

Dosage and Administration (Medical Context)

(For informational purposes only — should be administered under medical supervision.)

• Form: Oral capsules or suspension.

• Typical Adult Dose: 3 grams (usually 3 capsules, 3 times daily).

• Duration: Continued until body radioactivity levels drop to safe limits.

• Common Side Effects: Constipation, stomach upset, or blue discoloration of stools (harmless).

Significance

1. Public Health: Protects individuals exposed to radioactive elements during accidents or terrorist attacks.

2. Nuclear Safety: A core component of radiological emergency preparedness kits.

3. Scientific Innovation: Represents an early example of nanostructured ion-trapping compounds.

4. Diplomatic Role: Used as a tool of soft power and regional cooperation — as seen in India’s support to Indonesia.

Conclusion

Prussian Blue Capsules are a vital component of global nuclear emergency medicine.
Their ability to bind and eliminate dangerous radioactive materials makes them essential for public health safety during radiological disasters or contamination events.

India’s timely assistance to Indonesia not only strengthens regional cooperation but also underscores India’s scientific capability and commitment to humanitarian aid.

In an era of growing nuclear energy use and potential risks, Prussian Blue stands as a symbol of preparedness, resilience, and scientific innovation.

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