UN Probe Finds “Hallmarks of Genocide” in El-Fasher

UN Probe Finds “Hallmarks of Genocide” in El-Fasher – Investigation Report

Genocide in El-Fasher –UN probe finds “hallmarks of genocide” in El-Fasher, detailing serious violations of international humanitarian law, documented atrocities, witness testimony, and calls for accountability and justice.

Table of Contents

Context

The UN’s Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Sudan has concluded that the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) siege and capture of El-Fasher in October 2025 bore the “hallmarks of genocide.”

Key Findings

Genocidal Intent – The RSF allegedly targeted the Zaghawa and Fur ethnic communities with intent to destroy them, in whole or in part.
Mass Killings & Executions – Thousands were reportedly killed, including indiscriminate shootings and executions at exit routes.
Widespread Sexual Violence – Women and girls (aged 7–70) were subjected to rape, often publicly and alongside extreme brutality.
Ethnic Targeting – Non-Arab communities, particularly the Zaghawa, were disproportionately targeted.
Detention & Torture – Reports of torture, disappearances, extortion, and humiliation.

Sudan: From Independence to the Current Crisis

Period	Event / Phase	Key Details and Outcomes
1956	Independence	Sudan gained independence from Anglo-Egyptian rule on January 1, 1956; became one of Africa’s earliest independent nations.
1955–1972	First Civil War	Conflict between the northern government and southern rebels (Anya Nya) over autonomy and resource control. Ended with the Addis Ababa Agreement (1972) granting limited self-rule to the South.
1983–2005	Second Civil War	It resumed after President Jaafar Nimeiry imposed Islamic law (Sharia) across Sudan. Ended with the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in 2005, paving way for South Sudan’s independence.
2003–2005	Darfur Conflict	Government-backed Janjaweed militias carried out atrocities against non-Arab groups in Darfur; over 3 lakh killed and millions displaced. President Omar al-Bashir indicted by ICC for war crimes.
2011	Partition of Sudan	South Sudan separated, becoming the world’s newest nation. Sudan lost major oil revenues, deepening economic and political instability.
2019	Ouster of Omar al-Bashir	After 30 years of authoritarian rule, Bashir was ousted by mass protests. A civilian–military transitional government was established.
2021	Military Coup	Gen. Abdel Fattah al-Burhan seized power, dissolving the transitional government and halting the democratic process.
April 2023 – Present	Civil War between SAF and RSF	● Clashes between Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) led by Burhan and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) led by Hemedti. UN estimates around 15–20k confirmed deaths, 13 million displaced, and famine confirmed in parts of Darfur. ● Food insecurity, collapse of health systems, and cholera, malaria, and measles outbreaks are rampant. ● Civilians face systematic attacks and aid blockades by both sides.

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