Daily Quiz 31 July 2025
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
1 pointsWith reference to the vessel INS Sandhayak, consider the following statements:
1. It is India’s first indigenously designed hydrographic survey vessel.
2. It can be deployed as a hospital ship and for search and rescue operations.
3. It was built by Cochin Shipyard Limited.
How many of the statements given above are correct?Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct:
INS Sandhayak (II) is the first indigenously designed and built hydrographic survey vessel under the new Sandhayak-class. Designed by the Indian Navy’s Directorate of Naval Design and built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata, it reflects the Aatmanirbhar Bharat vision in naval engineering. - Statement 2 – Correct:
Besides its primary role in hydrographic mapping (coastal depth, seafloor features), it can be deployed as:- A hospital ship during conflict or disasters
- A Search and Rescue (SAR) platform with an onboard helicopter, modern ROVs, and AUVs
Statement 3 – Incorrect:
The vessel was built by GRSE, not Cochin Shipyard Ltd. GRSE is a leading public sector shipbuilder under the Ministry of Defence, with expertise in warships and survey vessels.Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct:
INS Sandhayak (II) is the first indigenously designed and built hydrographic survey vessel under the new Sandhayak-class. Designed by the Indian Navy’s Directorate of Naval Design and built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata, it reflects the Aatmanirbhar Bharat vision in naval engineering. - Statement 2 – Correct:
Besides its primary role in hydrographic mapping (coastal depth, seafloor features), it can be deployed as:- A hospital ship during conflict or disasters
- A Search and Rescue (SAR) platform with an onboard helicopter, modern ROVs, and AUVs
Statement 3 – Incorrect:
The vessel was built by GRSE, not Cochin Shipyard Ltd. GRSE is a leading public sector shipbuilder under the Ministry of Defence, with expertise in warships and survey vessels. -
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements:
Statement I: The India–UK Free Trade Agreement can serve as a catalyst for the growth of Global Capability Centres (GCCs) in India.
Statement II: GCCs are low-skill outsourcing hubs primarily focused on cost reduction for multinational corporations.
Statement III: The FTA could help harmonize digital regulations and ease the movement of professionals, fostering UK-India innovation partnerships.Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Correct
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
- Statement I reflects a current economic development issue: India–UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations include provisions on digital trade, cross-border services, professional mobility, and IP protection. These directly affect the functioning and expansion of Global Capability Centres (GCCs) — captive units of MNCs offering services in IT, finance, R&D, analytics, etc.
- Statement II is incorrect. While GCCs originally began as cost-saving back offices, they have now evolved into high-value centers driving innovation and digital transformation. Many Fortune 500 companies (e.g., JPMorgan, Shell, Microsoft) now run AI, cybersecurity, and design labs from their Indian GCCs, especially in cities like Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Pune.
- Statement III is correct and explains how the India–UK FTA can catalyze GCC growth:
- Digital trade alignment (e.g., on data privacy, cybersecurity norms)
- Simplified work visas and mutual recognition of professional qualifications (benefiting sectors like legal services, consulting, finance, IT)
- Cross-border innovation and startup collaboration (via UK’s focus on India as a digital talent hub)
Thus, only Statement III supports and explains Statement I, making option (c) the correct choice.
Incorrect
Answer: (c)
Explanation:
- Statement I reflects a current economic development issue: India–UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) negotiations include provisions on digital trade, cross-border services, professional mobility, and IP protection. These directly affect the functioning and expansion of Global Capability Centres (GCCs) — captive units of MNCs offering services in IT, finance, R&D, analytics, etc.
- Statement II is incorrect. While GCCs originally began as cost-saving back offices, they have now evolved into high-value centers driving innovation and digital transformation. Many Fortune 500 companies (e.g., JPMorgan, Shell, Microsoft) now run AI, cybersecurity, and design labs from their Indian GCCs, especially in cities like Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Pune.
- Statement III is correct and explains how the India–UK FTA can catalyze GCC growth:
- Digital trade alignment (e.g., on data privacy, cybersecurity norms)
- Simplified work visas and mutual recognition of professional qualifications (benefiting sectors like legal services, consulting, finance, IT)
- Cross-border innovation and startup collaboration (via UK’s focus on India as a digital talent hub)
Thus, only Statement III supports and explains Statement I, making option (c) the correct choice.
-
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
1 pointsWhy did the Government of India exempt 78% of coal-based thermal plants from installing Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) systems?
- Due to high installation costs and risk of tariff escalation.
- Because Category C plants are located in less polluted or remote areas.
- To ensure uninterrupted power supply from aging units.
Select the correct answer using the code below:
Correct
Answer: D
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct:
Installing FGDs involves very high capital costs and operational expenses, which may raise consumer tariffs. Many power producers flagged financial non-viability and delayed implementation. - Statement 2 – Correct:
The Category C plants, which make up 78% of India’s coal plants, are located outside critically polluted or densely populated zones. These plants pose less immediate public health risk, hence were given exemptions. - Statement 3 – Correct:
A large number of Category C plants are aging and likely to be decommissioned before 2030. Forcing them to install FGDs now would disrupt power supply continuity, especially amid rising demand. The exemption is conditional—plants must submit an undertaking about their retirement timeline.
About Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) systems:
- FGDs are devices that remove sulphur dioxide (SO₂) from flue gases.
- SO₂ emissions contribute to acid rain, respiratory illness, and environmental degradation.
India introduced SO₂ norms in 2015, but implementation has been deferred multiple times due to infrastructural and economic constraints.
Incorrect
Answer: D
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct:
Installing FGDs involves very high capital costs and operational expenses, which may raise consumer tariffs. Many power producers flagged financial non-viability and delayed implementation. - Statement 2 – Correct:
The Category C plants, which make up 78% of India’s coal plants, are located outside critically polluted or densely populated zones. These plants pose less immediate public health risk, hence were given exemptions. - Statement 3 – Correct:
A large number of Category C plants are aging and likely to be decommissioned before 2030. Forcing them to install FGDs now would disrupt power supply continuity, especially amid rising demand. The exemption is conditional—plants must submit an undertaking about their retirement timeline.
About Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) systems:
- FGDs are devices that remove sulphur dioxide (SO₂) from flue gases.
- SO₂ emissions contribute to acid rain, respiratory illness, and environmental degradation.
India introduced SO₂ norms in 2015, but implementation has been deferred multiple times due to infrastructural and economic constraints.
-
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
1 pointsWith reference to the Motuo Hydropower Project, consider the following statements:
- It is being constructed on the YarlungTsangporiver, which becomes the Siang and then the Brahmaputra in India.
- The project is expected to surpass the Three Gorges Dam in terms of power generation capacity.
- The project is located in India’s Arunachal Pradesh region.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Answer: A
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: The YarlungTsangpo River originates in western Tibet and flows eastward across southern Tibet. Upon entering Arunachal Pradesh, it is known as the Siang River, and further downstream in Assam, it becomes the Brahmaputra River. This river is crucial for Northeast India’s water security and agriculture.
- Statement 2 is correct: The Motuo Hydropower Project (also referred to as the “Brahmaputra Grand Canyon Dam”) is projected to have a capacity exceeding 60 GW, surpassing the Three Gorges Dam (22.5 GW) in China, currently the world’s largest hydropower project. It aims to harness the steep fall and powerful flow of the YarlungTsangpo as it drops into the canyon at Medog (Motuo).
- Statement 3 is incorrect: Although it borders India, Motuo (Medog) is part of Tibet Autonomous Region under Chinese control, not in India’s Arunachal Pradesh. However, India claims Arunachal Pradesh as part of its territory and this makes any upstream infrastructure on shared rivers a geo-political and strategic concern for India.
Implication for India:
- Hydrological Control: China would have the capability to regulate river flow into India. This raises fears of:
- Water diversion or storage, affecting agriculture and ecology downstream.
- Sudden release of excess water (“water bomb”) during conflict.
Strategic coercion in times of tension.
Incorrect
Answer: A
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: The YarlungTsangpo River originates in western Tibet and flows eastward across southern Tibet. Upon entering Arunachal Pradesh, it is known as the Siang River, and further downstream in Assam, it becomes the Brahmaputra River. This river is crucial for Northeast India’s water security and agriculture.
- Statement 2 is correct: The Motuo Hydropower Project (also referred to as the “Brahmaputra Grand Canyon Dam”) is projected to have a capacity exceeding 60 GW, surpassing the Three Gorges Dam (22.5 GW) in China, currently the world’s largest hydropower project. It aims to harness the steep fall and powerful flow of the YarlungTsangpo as it drops into the canyon at Medog (Motuo).
- Statement 3 is incorrect: Although it borders India, Motuo (Medog) is part of Tibet Autonomous Region under Chinese control, not in India’s Arunachal Pradesh. However, India claims Arunachal Pradesh as part of its territory and this makes any upstream infrastructure on shared rivers a geo-political and strategic concern for India.
Implication for India:
- Hydrological Control: China would have the capability to regulate river flow into India. This raises fears of:
- Water diversion or storage, affecting agriculture and ecology downstream.
- Sudden release of excess water (“water bomb”) during conflict.
Strategic coercion in times of tension.
-
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following is/are true regarding the BioEmu model recently developed in protein science?
- It uses deep learning to predict all possible stable conformations of proteins under biological conditions.
- It can model complex protein-drug interactions and cell membrane environments.
- It enables faster protein modeling compared to traditional molecular dynamics simulations.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: BioEmu (Biomolecular Emulator) is a generative deep learning model that simulates the full range of stable protein conformations using a technique similar to diffusion models used in AI image generation (e.g., DALL·E). It enables sampling of structures from the equilibrium distribution of a protein under native conditions.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: BioEmu is limited to protein monomers and cannot simulate complex biological environments such as cell membranes, temperature or pH changes, or drug interactions. It does not replace tools like AlphaFold2 when it comes to complete biological context modeling.
- Statement 3 is correct: Traditional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are computationally intensive and time-consuming. BioEmu is significantly faster, generating thousands of structures per hour using only one GPU, making it highly scalable and accessible.
Why it Matters:
Understanding protein flexibility and cryptic conformational states (such as those in cancer-related proteins like RAS) is essential for drug discovery and biomedical research. BioEmu opens the door to exploring how proteins shift shape dynamically.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
- Statement 1 is correct: BioEmu (Biomolecular Emulator) is a generative deep learning model that simulates the full range of stable protein conformations using a technique similar to diffusion models used in AI image generation (e.g., DALL·E). It enables sampling of structures from the equilibrium distribution of a protein under native conditions.
- Statement 2 is incorrect: BioEmu is limited to protein monomers and cannot simulate complex biological environments such as cell membranes, temperature or pH changes, or drug interactions. It does not replace tools like AlphaFold2 when it comes to complete biological context modeling.
- Statement 3 is correct: Traditional molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are computationally intensive and time-consuming. BioEmu is significantly faster, generating thousands of structures per hour using only one GPU, making it highly scalable and accessible.
Why it Matters:
Understanding protein flexibility and cryptic conformational states (such as those in cancer-related proteins like RAS) is essential for drug discovery and biomedical research. BioEmu opens the door to exploring how proteins shift shape dynamically.
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Daily Quiz 01 August 2025
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