Daily Quiz 13 September 2025
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Question 1 of 5
1. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following are correct regarding the elevation of High Court judges to the Supreme Court?
- The Collegium is headed by the President of India.
- The government can return a Collegium recommendation once, but if reiterated, it is binding.
- Article 124 governs the appointment of SC judges.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Answer: C
Explanation:
Justice Pancholi’s elevation (2025) despite Justice Nagarathna’s dissent shows internal debates but also how Collegium + executive interplay works.
- Statement 1 (Incorrect): Collegium = CJI + 4 senior-most SC judges. President only gives final formal appointment.
- Statement 2 (Correct): Govt can return recommendations once. If Collegium re-sends, executive is bound → ensures judiciary’s primacy.
- Statement 3 (Correct): Article 124(2) → President appoints SC judges on Collegium advice. Guarantees balance between independence of judiciary and constitutional procedure.
Incorrect
Answer: C
Explanation:
Justice Pancholi’s elevation (2025) despite Justice Nagarathna’s dissent shows internal debates but also how Collegium + executive interplay works.
- Statement 1 (Incorrect): Collegium = CJI + 4 senior-most SC judges. President only gives final formal appointment.
- Statement 2 (Correct): Govt can return recommendations once. If Collegium re-sends, executive is bound → ensures judiciary’s primacy.
- Statement 3 (Correct): Article 124(2) → President appoints SC judges on Collegium advice. Guarantees balance between independence of judiciary and constitutional procedure.
-
Question 2 of 5
2. Question
1 pointsThe recently launched Aadi Vaani app, developed by Ministry of Tribal Affairs, aims to:
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
- India has 700+ tribal communities and nearly 100+ languages/dialects. Lack of official translators often blocks tribal access to welfare schemes, education, and healthcare.
- The app: AI-driven real-time translator → covers Bhili, Mundari, Gondi, Santali, Kui, and Garo initially.
- Developed by: Ministry of Tribal Affairs in partnership with IIT Delhi, BITS Pilani, IIITs.
- Linked with Adi Karmayogi Mission: aims to build a cadre of 20 lakh grassroots leaders who can deliver responsive governance in tribal belts.
- Relevance for UPSC:
- Governance in Scheduled Areas.
- Tribal empowerment + Digital inclusion.
- Convergence with PM JANMAN & DAJGUA schemes.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
- India has 700+ tribal communities and nearly 100+ languages/dialects. Lack of official translators often blocks tribal access to welfare schemes, education, and healthcare.
- The app: AI-driven real-time translator → covers Bhili, Mundari, Gondi, Santali, Kui, and Garo initially.
- Developed by: Ministry of Tribal Affairs in partnership with IIT Delhi, BITS Pilani, IIITs.
- Linked with Adi Karmayogi Mission: aims to build a cadre of 20 lakh grassroots leaders who can deliver responsive governance in tribal belts.
- Relevance for UPSC:
- Governance in Scheduled Areas.
- Tribal empowerment + Digital inclusion.
- Convergence with PM JANMAN & DAJGUA schemes.
-
Question 3 of 5
3. Question
1 pointsConsider the following statements:
Statement I: Climate change is disrupting natural ecological succession in the Himalayas by altering treelines, species composition, and forest resilience.
Statement II: Rising temperatures are shifting treelines upward, causing stress to climax species like Himalayan oak and birch, while stress-tolerant early successional species like chir pine expand.
Statement III: Frequent disturbances such as fires, grazing, and logging prevent hardwood climax forests from regenerating, accelerating ecological degradation.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?
Correct
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
- Statement I is correct – Climate-driven shifts are changing succession pathways, preventing ecosystems from reaching stable climax stages in the Himalayas.
- Statement II is correct – Treeline shift and decline of oaks (Quercus leucotrichophora) while chir pine spreads illustrates how succession is distorted.
- Statement III is correct – Fires, overgrazing, and logging repeatedly reset ecosystems to early stages, blocking hardwood recovery.
Together – Statement II explains the biophysical driver (temperature-induced migration) while Statement III explains the anthropogenic driver (disturbances). Both justify Statement I.
Hence, option (a) is correct.Incorrect
Answer: (a)
Explanation:
- Statement I is correct – Climate-driven shifts are changing succession pathways, preventing ecosystems from reaching stable climax stages in the Himalayas.
- Statement II is correct – Treeline shift and decline of oaks (Quercus leucotrichophora) while chir pine spreads illustrates how succession is distorted.
- Statement III is correct – Fires, overgrazing, and logging repeatedly reset ecosystems to early stages, blocking hardwood recovery.
Together – Statement II explains the biophysical driver (temperature-induced migration) while Statement III explains the anthropogenic driver (disturbances). Both justify Statement I.
Hence, option (a) is correct. -
Question 4 of 5
4. Question
1 pointsWhich of the following statements correctly describe APK-based cybercrimes?
- APK stands for Android Package Kit, the standard installation format for Android apps.
- Fraudulent APKs often mimic official apps and misuse permissions to steal data.
- They are spread only via official Google Play Store.
- They can lead to unauthorized banking transactions and money laundering.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
APK fraud is one of the fastest-growing cybercrime threats in the country today. These scams, driven by malicious Android Package Kit (APK) files, exploit public trust in digital systems while using sophisticated technical tools to stay undetected and operational across State lines
12.4 lakh cybercrimes in 6 months of 2025 → 900% rises since 2021.
- Investigational Challenges: Cross-border servers (China, UK, US), layered laundering, late reporting.
- Govt Initiatives: I4C (2020), CERT-In (2004), Helpline 1930, Citizen Cyber Fraud Portal.
- Statement 1 (Correct): APK = Android Package Kit → like .exe on Windows → contains installation code, permissions, resources.
- Statement 2 (Correct): Fake APKs mimic PM-Kisan, tax refund, electricity boards, KYC updates → steal OTPs & banking data.
- Statement 3 (Incorrect): These APKs spread outside Play Store (via SMS, WhatsApp, Telegram) since Google scans detect malware.
- Statement 4 (Correct): Once permissions granted → fraudsters execute unauthorized UPI transfers, premature FD closures, then launder money through mule accounts + crypto wallets.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
APK fraud is one of the fastest-growing cybercrime threats in the country today. These scams, driven by malicious Android Package Kit (APK) files, exploit public trust in digital systems while using sophisticated technical tools to stay undetected and operational across State lines
12.4 lakh cybercrimes in 6 months of 2025 → 900% rises since 2021.
- Investigational Challenges: Cross-border servers (China, UK, US), layered laundering, late reporting.
- Govt Initiatives: I4C (2020), CERT-In (2004), Helpline 1930, Citizen Cyber Fraud Portal.
- Statement 1 (Correct): APK = Android Package Kit → like .exe on Windows → contains installation code, permissions, resources.
- Statement 2 (Correct): Fake APKs mimic PM-Kisan, tax refund, electricity boards, KYC updates → steal OTPs & banking data.
- Statement 3 (Incorrect): These APKs spread outside Play Store (via SMS, WhatsApp, Telegram) since Google scans detect malware.
- Statement 4 (Correct): Once permissions granted → fraudsters execute unauthorized UPI transfers, premature FD closures, then launder money through mule accounts + crypto wallets.
-
Question 5 of 5
5. Question
1 pointsWhat distinguishes Advanced Ultra Supercritical (AUSC) technology from other coal-based power technologies?
Correct
Answer: B
Explanation:
Advanced Ultra Supercritical (AUSC) technology enables more efficient and cleaner electricity generation from thermal power plants by operating at significantly higher temperatures and pressures than traditional plants. This technology requires advanced materials capable of withstanding these harsh conditions to achieve improved thermal efficiency and reduced coal consumption and CO2 emissions. AUSC represents a significant step in sustainable energy, with India, for example, developing indigenous AUSC technology for future commercial power plants.
- How it works: AUSC plants → ~700°C steam temperature, >300 bar pressure.
- Efficiency gains:
- Subcritical: ~38%
- Supercritical: ~41%
- Ultra-supercritical: ~42–43%
- AUSC: 46% → 1 unit of electricity needs less coal.
- Environmental angle:
- ~15% CO₂ reduction compared to USC.
- Less coal → fewer SOx, NOx, particulates.
- Technology demand: Needs nickel/chromium alloys for boilers & turbines → high cost.
- Why important for India?
- Coal still provides ~70% of India’s electricity.
- AUSC = transition tech until renewable capacity ramps up.
- Challenge: Govt reconsidering due to huge capital cost, despite long-term efficiency gains.
Incorrect
Answer: B
Explanation:
Advanced Ultra Supercritical (AUSC) technology enables more efficient and cleaner electricity generation from thermal power plants by operating at significantly higher temperatures and pressures than traditional plants. This technology requires advanced materials capable of withstanding these harsh conditions to achieve improved thermal efficiency and reduced coal consumption and CO2 emissions. AUSC represents a significant step in sustainable energy, with India, for example, developing indigenous AUSC technology for future commercial power plants.
- How it works: AUSC plants → ~700°C steam temperature, >300 bar pressure.
- Efficiency gains:
- Subcritical: ~38%
- Supercritical: ~41%
- Ultra-supercritical: ~42–43%
- AUSC: 46% → 1 unit of electricity needs less coal.
- Environmental angle:
- ~15% CO₂ reduction compared to USC.
- Less coal → fewer SOx, NOx, particulates.
- Technology demand: Needs nickel/chromium alloys for boilers & turbines → high cost.
- Why important for India?
- Coal still provides ~70% of India’s electricity.
- AUSC = transition tech until renewable capacity ramps up.
- Challenge: Govt reconsidering due to huge capital cost, despite long-term efficiency gains.
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