Abhidhamma Divas 2025: Significance, History, and Relevance

The International Buddhist Confederation (IBC), in collaboration with Gautam Buddha University (GBU), Greater Noida, Antarrashtriya Baudh Shodh Sansthan (Lucknow), and the Ministry of Culture, celebrated International Abhidhamma Day on the full moon day of Śharada Pūrṇimā.

This annual observance highlights the philosophical and doctrinal depth of Buddhism and India’s ancient role as the cradle of Buddhist thought.

What is Abhidhamma Divas?

Abhidhamma Divas marks the day when Lord Buddha descended from Tāvatimsa-devaloka (the celestial realm of the Thirty-Three Gods) to Sankassiya (modern-day Sankisa Basantapur, Uttar Pradesh).

• According to Buddhist texts, Buddha spent three months teaching the Abhidhamma (higher doctrine) to his mother, Mahamaya, who was reborn in heaven.

• His descent symbolizes the return of divine wisdom to the human world.

• The event is commemorated at Sankassiya, where an Aśokan Elephant Pillar stands as a historical marker of this sacred descent.

What is the Abhidhamma?

The Abhidhamma Pitaka (the “Basket of Higher Doctrine”) is the third division of the Tripitaka, the canonical literature of Theravada Buddhism.

It provides a philosophical and psychological analysis of human experience, aiming to understand the nature of mind and matter.

Main Texts of the Abhidhamma Pitaka

1. Dhammasangani – Classification of all phenomena (mental and material).

2. Vibhanga – Analytical elaboration on doctrinal topics.

3. Puggalapaññatti – Classification of individuals according to character traits.

4. (Other texts include: Dhātukathā, Yamaka, Patthāna, and Kathāvatthu.)

Tripitaka: The Three Baskets of Buddhist Canon

Together, these texts form the foundation of Buddhist doctrine, guiding both monastic and lay followers.

Important Buddhist Texts and Scholars

These works collectively highlight the intellectual evolution of Buddhist philosophy across different schools and periods.

Sankassiya: A Sacred Buddhist Site

• Located in Farrukhabad district, Uttar Pradesh, Sankassiya (ancient Sankassa) is one of the eight great places associated with Lord Buddha’s life.

• Emperor Ashoka visited the site and built an elephant capital pillar, symbolizing Buddha’s descent.

• The site continues to attract pilgrims from Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Thailand, and Japan, reinforcing India’s role as the spiritual home of Buddhism.

Relevance of Abhidhamma Divas for UPSC

Abhidhamma Divas reflects India’s civilizational continuity and philosophical depth, themes frequently asked in UPSC Mains under Art & Culture and World Philosophy.

India’s Global Role in Promoting Buddhist Heritage

The celebration of Abhidhamma Divas by the Ministry of Culture and the International Buddhist Confederation (IBC) is part of India’s broader effort to:

• Strengthen Buddhist diplomacy under the Neighbourhood First and Act East Policy.

• Promote cultural tourism and spiritual exchange with Buddhist-majority countries.

• Reaffirm India’s status as the birthplace of Buddha and Buddhism.

Key Takeaways for UPSC

• Event: Abhidhamma Divas (International Abhidhamma Day)

• Occasion: Buddha’s descent from Tāvatimsa Heaven to Earth

• Location: Sankassiya (Uttar Pradesh)

• Significance: Commemoration of Abhidhamma teachings — the higher doctrine of Buddhism

• Organizer: International Buddhist Confederation (IBC) + Ministry of Culture

• UPSC Lens: Cultural Heritage, Buddhist Philosophy, Soft Power Diplomacy

Conclusion

Abhidhamma Divas serves as a bridge between ancient spiritual philosophy and modern cultural diplomacy.
For UPSC aspirants, it’s not just an event of religious importance but a symbol of India’s philosophical leadership and soft power heritage in Asia.

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