Types of Climate in India – Principles of Indian Geography – Free PDF Download

THE INDIAN CLIMATIC CALENDAR

• In the case of India, IMD has categorized the following four annual seasons:

1. The Winter Season (January – February)
2. The Summer season (March-May)
3. The Rainy Season (Southwest Monsoon Season)(June – September)
4. The Autumn season (October – December)

Classical theories

• Considered the monsoon as land and sea breeze on a continental scale.
• Based on the apparent movement of the sun towards the tropic of cancer,
• Results in the creation of low-pressure systems around
• These winds caused heavy rainfall over the Indian subcontinent.
• During winter, the apparent movement of the sun towards the tropic of Capricorn.
• High-pressure regions over the Indian subcontinent.
• There is a change in the direction of the winds which
• Adheres to the broader principles of the monsoon.

The modern theories

• Taking into consideration various aspects of the monsoon

1. The variable heating of land and sea,
2. The geographical shape of the sub-continent,
3. Lower and upper air circulations(jet streams) etc.

• The modern theories are influenced by the following factors:

• Differential Heating of the landmass.
• Role of the Jet Streams.
• The movement of the ITCZ.
• The Indian branch of the walker cell.
• The Indian Ocean Dipole.
• All these factors affect the onset, the intensity, and the variability of the monsoon.

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